# K-Survival Means

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.24405 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.24405/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 18 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Jul 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Deep Unsupervised Clustering with Gaussian Mixture Variational Autoencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.02648/) (2016)
- [Variational Deep Embedding: An Unsupervised and Generative Approach to Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.05148/) (2016)
- [Time-to-Event Prediction with Neural Networks and Cox Regression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.00825/) (2019)
- [A Deep Variational Approach to Clustering Survival Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.05763/) (2021)
- [Survival Cluster Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.00355/) (2020)
- [The Concordance Index decomposition: A measure for a deeper understanding of survival prediction models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.00144/) (2022)
- [CoxSE: Exploring the Potential of Self-Explaining Neural Networks with Cox Proportional Hazards Model for Survival Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.13849/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this work, we propose K-SurvMeans, a novel extension of K-Means for clustering survival data. The method explicitly uses the survival outcome in the clustering process to optimize cluster centers, thereby maximizing pairwise survival differences between clusters. The objective function encourages the clusters to be well-separated from the survival perspective. Since the resulting optimization problem is non-differentiable, we employ the Particle Swarm algorithm for the Optimization process. To further improve flexibility and mitigate the curse of dimensionality, we extend the framework to operate in a learned low-dimensional latent space obtained via a dimensionality reduction. This allows the method to capture better-separated clusters and enhance optimization efficiency by reducing the search space. Experiments on multiple publicly available benchmark survival datasets demonstrate that K-SurvMeans consistently yields clusters with improved separation in survival distributions compared to existing deep learning-based survival clustering methods.