# CoTu at EXACT 2026: Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning for Transparent Educational QA

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.14735 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.14735/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning.
- Builds on 13 of its 30 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 16 Jul 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM reasoning / [Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/lr/reasoning-benchmarks-and-evaluation/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 13 of 13)

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- [DSPy: Compiling Declarative Language Model Calls into Self-Improving Pipelines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.03714/) (2023)
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- [Scaling Relationship on Learning Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.01825/) (2023)
- [Beyond Human Data: Scaling Self-Training for Problem-Solving with Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06585/) (2023)
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- [DFlash: Block Diffusion for Flash Speculative Decoding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.06036/) (2026)
- [ACECODER: Acing Coder RL via Automated Test-Case Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.01718/) (2025)
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## Abstract (arXiv)

Transparent educational question answering asks for answers that are not only correct but explainable, and doing so with small models rules out the reasoning power of the largest proprietary systems. The EXACT 2026 competition poses this problem concretely: open-weight language models of at most 8B parameters, self-hosted, with a natural-language explanation for every answer. It pairs two tasks: logical reasoning over university regulations, and multi-step physics problem solving. We describe the system that team cotu developed to address both, a neuro-symbolic Program-of-Thought pipeline in which a 4B backbone writes a program rather than stating an answer directly: for regulation queries it emits a Z3 encoding whose entailment verdict grounds the deduction, and for physics it emits numerical Python, both wrapped in a shared self-correction loop and a unified explained-JSON output. Answer-type routing, distillation-based task fine-tuning, and a latency-aware serving stack -- SGLang with speculative decoding -- keep the system within the 60-second per-query limit. The system achieved a perfect score on the physics task in both automated selection rounds and obtained the highest final-round technical score of any team -- 13.44/15, combining automated answer evaluation with expert-judged reasoning depth -- with the equally weighted presentation score included, cotu placed 3rd overall. Grounding answers in a symbolic solver yields correct, verifiable deductions at the 4B scale, and the residual difficulty lies in premise selection rather than the deduction itself.