# MorfFlex: Handling Rich Morphology

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.24366 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.24366/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 3 of its 32 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Jun 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [The SIGMORPHON 2019 Shared Task: Morphological Analysis in Context and Cross-Lingual Transfer for Inflection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.11493/) (2019)
- [Prague Dependency Treebank -- Consolidated 1.0](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.03679/) (2020)
- [Open-Source Web Service with Morphological Dictionary-Supplemented Deep Learning for Morphosyntactic Analysis of Czech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.12422/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present MorfFlex, a morphological dictionary architecture suitable for languages with extensive regularity in both inflection and derivation. As the primary example of MorfFlex in use we introduce MorfFlex CZ, a morphological dictionary of Czech. It is distributed as a simple, unstructured list of <wordform, lemma, tag> triplets, however, its manually maintained, unpublished source files and conversion scripts encode a sophisticated system of inflectional and derivational patterns. These patterns dramatically reduce the otherwise enormous size of the dictionary, which currently contains over 100 million wordforms and more than 1 million lemmas. The MorfFlex CZ dictionary serves as an essential resource for ensuring the consistency of manual morphological annotation in the Prague Dependency Treebanks and underpins state-of-the-art automatic tools such as MorphoDiTa. In this paper, we focus on: (i) presenting an effective method for managing the rich morphological system within the dictionary, and (ii) demonstrating the utility of such a language resource for maintaining annotation consistency in corpora and supporting the development of advanced NLP applications.