# PROTECT-90: A Fault Dataset for Power System Protection

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.24298 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.24298/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 16 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Jun 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [A Scoping Review of Machine Learning Applications in Power System Protection and Disturbance Management](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.09053/) (2025)
- [Impact of Data Sparsity on Machine Learning for Fault Detection in Power System Protection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.15560/) (2025)
- [Robustness Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Fault Classification and Localization In Power System Protection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.15385/) (2025)
- [Controlled Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Fault Classification and Localization in Power System Protection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.00831/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [A Standardized Framework for Machine Learning in Power System Protection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.20181/) (2026)
- [Discovering Physical Representation Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.23381/) (2026)
- [EvEMTBench: An Open Benchmark for Machine Learning in Power System Protection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.28149/) (2026)
- [One-Cycle Fault Classification and Faulted-Line Identification on the PROTECT-90 Dataset: An Initial Application Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04155/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The increasing interest in data-driven methods for power system protection is accompanied by a lack of standardized, publicly available high-voltage waveform datasets that enable transparent and reproducible evaluation. To address this gap, this paper introduces the PROTECT-90 dataset, an open electromagnetic transient (EMT)-simulated reference benchmark for high-voltage fault studies with consistent digital-fault-recorder-like measurements, publicly released with this work. The dataset comprises 9,022 physically consistent short-circuit simulation episodes generated on a standardized 90 kV double-line topology with systematically documented domain randomization of grid operating points, line parameters, and fault conditions. For each episode, synchronized three-phase voltage and current waveforms are recorded at eight measurement locations and released together with structured, machine-readable metadata describing fault type, fault location, inception time, and operating conditions. All modeling assumptions, parameter ranges, and data-generation procedures are explicitly documented to ensure transparency and cross-study comparability. By combining physically grounded EMT simulation, balanced scenario coverage, and open accessibility, PROTECT-90 establishes a standardized foundation for reproducible benchmarking of protection-oriented signal processing and learning-based methods.