# MoVerse: Real-Time Video World Modeling with Panoramic Gaussian Scaffold

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.13376 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.13376/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Video-generation world models and simulators, one of 11 directions in World models.
- Builds on 56 of its 64 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2026.

## Placed in

- World models / [Video-generation world models and simulators](https://mlsanity.com/wm/video-generation-world-models-and-simulators/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 56)

- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.20314/) (2025)
- [CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.06072/) (2024)
- [HunyuanVideo: A Systematic Framework For Large Video Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.03603/) (2024)
- [RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.09865/) (2022)
- [Spatial Transformer Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.02025/) (2015)
- [Matterport3D: Learning from RGB-D Data in Indoor Environments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.06158/) (2017)
- [One-step Diffusion with Distribution Matching Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.18828/) (2023)
- [Self Forcing: Bridging the Train-Test Gap in Autoregressive Video Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.08009/) (2025)
- [Habitat-Matterport 3D Dataset (HM3D): 1000 Large-scale 3D Environments for Embodied AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.08238/) (2021)
- [GEN3C: 3D-Informed World-Consistent Video Generation with Precise Camera Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.03751/) (2025)
- [AnySplat: Feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting from Unconstrained Views](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.23716/) (2025)
- [Large Scale Image Completion via Co-Modulated Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.10428/) (2021)
- [WonderWorld: Interactive 3D Scene Generation from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09394/) (2024)
- [Matrix-game 2.0: An open-source real-time and streaming interactive world model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.13009/) (2025)
- [Context as Memory: Scene-Consistent Interactive Long Video Generation with Memory Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.03141/) (2025)
- [Pluralistic Image Completion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.04227/) (2019)
- [WonderJourney: Going from Anywhere to Everywhere](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.03884/) (2023)
- [Advancing Open-source World Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.20540/) (2026)
- [TrajectoryCrafter: Redirecting Camera Trajectory for Monocular Videos via Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.05638/) (2025)
- [SyncDiffusion: Coherent Montage via Synchronized Joint Diffusions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.05178/) (2023)
- [HorizonNet: Learning Room Layout with 1D Representation and Pano Stretch Data Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.03861/) (2019)
- [HoHoNet: 360 Indoor Holistic Understanding with Latent Horizontal Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.11498/) (2020)
- [Matrix-Game 3.0: Real-Time and Streaming Interactive World Model with Long-Horizon Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.08995/) (2026)
- [RELIC: Interactive Video World Model with Long-Horizon Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.04040/) (2025)
- [LayoutNet: Reconstructing the 3D Room Layout from a Single RGB Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.08999/) (2018)
- [HunyuanWorld 1.0: Generating Immersive, Explorable, and Interactive 3D Worlds from Words or Pixels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.21809/) (2025)
- [Yume: An Interactive World Generation Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.17744/) (2025)
- [PanoGen: Text-Conditioned Panoramic Environment Generation for Vision-and-Language Navigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.19195/) (2023)
- [360DVD: Controllable Panorama Video Generation with 360-Degree Video Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.06578/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [AlayaVista: Streaming World Modeling from Panoramic States to Perspective Video](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.14462/) (2026)
- [From Generation to Simulation: How Far Are World Models from Being True Simulators?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.23070/) (2026)
- [Code Plans, Diffusion Renders: Open-Ended Generative World Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.26458/) (2026)
- [PAWA: Panoramic Action-conditioned World Modeling for Multiple Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.20240/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present MoVerse, a real-time video world model that creates an interactively navigable scene from a single narrow-field-of-view image. This setting is challenging because the input observes only a small fraction of the environment, while interactive roaming requires a complete surrounding world, persistent geometry, controllable camera motion, and temporally coherent high-fidelity observations. MoVerse addresses this problem by separating world construction from observation rendering. It first expands the input into a gravity-aligned 360^circ panorama with topology-aware diffusion, closing the missing field of view before 3D reasoning. It then lifts the panorama into a persistent 3D Gaussian scaffold using panoramic geometry-aware residual prediction, yielding a dense and directly renderable spatial memory. Finally, a Gaussian-conditioned video renderer translates scaffold renderings along user-specified camera trajectories into photorealistic video. To make this renderer practical for interaction, we train a bidirectional diffusion teacher for high-quality conditional rendering and distill it into a causal autoregressive student for bounded-latency streaming. This design combines the controllability and long-range consistency of explicit 3D representations with the perceptual quality of generative video models. MoVerse supports real-time scene roaming at 8~FPS on a single NVIDIA RTX~4090 GPU, demonstrating a practical path toward single-image world creation with interactive video output.