# Reconstructing Synthetic SDO/AIA 193 A EUV Images from He I 10830 A Observations with Diffusion Model Translator

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.08652 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.08652/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 40 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 Jun 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.05826/) (2021)
- [High Resolution Solar Image Generation using Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.03814/) (2021)
- [Exploring the Limits of Synthetic Creation of Solar EUV Images via Image-to-Image Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.09512/) (2022)
- [Solar synthetic imaging: Introducing denoising diffusion probabilistic models on SDO/AIA data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02552/) (2024)
- [Multi-Channel Auto-Calibration for the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly using Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.14023/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Routine full-disk EUV imaging has been available only since the modern era, such as SOHO and SDO. To extend EUV coronal context into earlier periods, we leverage the multi-decade availability of full-disk HeI observations, whose absorption is modulated by coronal irradiance and magnetic topology and is widely used as a proxy for open-field regions. We present a diffusion-based conditional image translation framework, Coronal Hole-aware Diffusion Model Translator (CH-aware DMT), to reconstruct synthetic SDO/AIA 193 AA EUV images from HeI inputs. The model is trained on temporally co-aligned SOLIS HeI and AIA 193 AA pairs spanning 2011--2015 using a month-based split, where January--October are used for training, November is used for validation, and December for testing. On the held-out test set, the reconstructions preserve dominant full-disk EUV morphology (CC=0.92) and recover CH-related low-intensity structure (CC=0.84). We further assess historical applicability by (1) comparing reconstructed AIA 193 AA morphology with SOHO/EIT 195 AA over 2005--2015; (2) comparing reconstructed AIA 193 AA images generated from KPVT HeI inputs against Yohkoh/SXT soft X-ray observations; and (3) evaluating long-term reconstructed disk-integrated emission statistics against observational EUV series and independent solar activity proxies (sunspot number and F10.7 radio flux over 1974--2015). These results indicate that CH-aware DMT conditioned on HeI can provide a physically plausible synthetic AIA 193 AA coronal proxy for historical studies, supporting multi-decade analyses of large-scale coronal evolution before the direct EUV imaging was available.