# Towards Efficient and Evidence-grounded Mobility Prediction with LLM-Driven Agent

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.05130 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.05130/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 21 of its 50 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 Jun 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Multimodal and embodied agents](https://mlsanity.com/agents/multimodal-and-embodied-agents/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03442/) (2023)
- [AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.08155/) (2023)
- [ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.16789/) (2023)
- [CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.17760/) (2023)
- [TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.02385/) (2024)
- [OWL: Optimized Workforce Learning for General Multi-Agent Assistance in Real-World Task Automation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.23885/) (2025)
- [STAN: Spatio-Temporal Attention Network for Next Location Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.04095/) (2021)
- [Large Language Models as Urban Residents: An LLM Agent Framework for Personal Mobility Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.14744/) (2024)
- [Where Would I Go Next? Large Language Models as Human Mobility Predictors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.15197/) (2023)
- [A Survey on Deep Learning for Human Mobility](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.02825/) (2020)
- [Exploring Large Language Models for Human Mobility Prediction under Public Events](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.17351/) (2023)
- [AgentMove: A Large Language Model based Agentic Framework for Zero-shot Next Location Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.13986/) (2024)
- [TrajLLM: A Modular LLM-Enhanced Agent-Based Framework for Realistic Human Trajectory Simulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.18712/) (2025)
- [Spatiotemporal-Augmented Graph Neural Networks for Human Mobility Simulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.09381/) (2023)
- [ZARA: Training-Free Motion Time-Series Reasoning via Evidence-Grounded LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04038/) (2025)
- [GATSim: Urban Mobility Simulation with Generative Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.23306/) (2025)
- [LIMP: Large Language Model Enhanced Intent-aware Mobility Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.12832/) (2024)
- [CoMaPOI: A Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Next POI Prediction Bridging the Gap Between Trajectory and Language](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.23837/) (2025)
- [From Narrative to Action: A Hierarchical LLM-Agent Framework for Human Mobility Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.24802/) (2025)
- [ARMove: Learning to Predict Human Mobility through Agentic Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.17419/) (2026)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [TRACE-TS: Attribution-Grounded and Traceable Sensor-Language Reasoning for Human Activity Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.00200/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Individual-level mobility prediction is central to urban simulation, transportation planning, and policy analysis. Supervised sequence models achieve strong accuracy but require task-specific training and offer limited decision-level transparency. Recent LLM-based methods improve interpretability, yet mostly rely on static prompts and single-pass inference, limiting their ability to seek additional evidence when mobility signals are weak or conflicting. We propose method, a training-free LLM-driven agent framework that formulates next-location prediction as adaptive evidence-controlled decision making. method resolves routine cases through a fast path based on historical regularity, while ambiguous cases trigger iterative tool use over recent trajectories, historical behavior, stay-move likelihood, and geographical evidence. Across three mobility datasets, AgentMob achieves the strongest overall performance among training-free LLM-based methods, with GPT-5.4 reaching 71.42% Acc@1 on BW, 33.14% on YJMob100K, and 33.50% on Shanghai ISP. On BW non-fast-path cases, the LLM controller improves Acc@1 from 30.65% to 48.62% over a same-tool statistical baseline, showing that its main benefit lies in resolving ambiguous predictions through adaptive evidence gathering. Our code is available at https://github.com/Unknown-zoo/AgentMob.