# RuleEdit: Failure-Guided Human-AI Model Editing with Prospective Impact Preview

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.00011 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.00011/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 28 of its 74 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 12 Apr 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 28 of 28)

- [PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.01703/) (2019)
- [A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.07874/) (2017)
- [Model Cards for Model Reporting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.03993/) (2018)
- [Does the Whole Exceed its Parts? The Effect of AI Explanations on Complementary Team Performance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.14779/) (2020)
- [Transfusion: Understanding Transfer Learning for Medical Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.07208/) (2019)
- [Interpretable Machine Learning: Fundamental Principles and 10 Grand Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.11251/) (2021)
- [PEBBLE: Feedback-Efficient Interactive Reinforcement Learning via Relabeling Experience and Unsupervised Pre-training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.05091/) (2021)
- [One Explanation Does Not Fit All: A Toolkit and Taxonomy of AI Explainability Techniques](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.03012/) (2019)
- [On Human Predictions with Explanations and Predictions of Machine Learning Models: A Case Study on Deception Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.07901/) (2018)
- [Learning to Complement Humans](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00582/) (2020)
- [Human-Centered Tools for Coping with Imperfect Algorithms during Medical Decision-Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.02960/) (2019)
- [Parametric UMAP embeddings for representation and semi-supervised learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.12981/) (2020)
- [Towards a Science of Human-AI Decision Making: A Survey of Empirical Studies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.11471/) (2021)
- [A Case for Humans-in-the-Loop: Decisions in the Presence of Erroneous Algorithmic Scores](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.08035/) (2020)
- [Understanding the Role of Human Intuition on Reliance in Human-AI Decision-Making with Explanations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.07255/) (2023)
- ["I'm Not Sure, But...": Examining the Impact of Large Language Models' Uncertainty Expression on User Reliance and Trust](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00623/) (2024)
- [Improving Human-AI Partnerships in Child Welfare: Understanding Worker Practices, Challenges, and Desires for Algorithmic Decision Support](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.02310/) (2022)
- [Fostering Appropriate Reliance on Large Language Models: The Role of Explanations, Sources, and Inconsistencies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.08554/) (2025)
- [Embedding Comparator: Visualizing Differences in Global Structure and Local Neighborhoods via Small Multiples](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.04853/) (2019)
- [Understanding Frontline Workers' and Unhoused Individuals' Perspectives on AI Used in Homeless Services](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09743/) (2023)
- ["Brilliant AI Doctor" in Rural China: Tensions and Challenges in AI-Powered CDSS Deployment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.01524/) (2021)
- [Discovering and Validating AI Errors With Crowdsourced Failure Reports](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.11690/) (2021)
- [A Decision Theoretic Framework for Measuring AI Reliance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.15356/) (2024)
- [Human Perceptions on Moral Responsibility of AI: A Case Study in AI-Assisted Bail Decision-Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.00625/) (2021)
- [Toward Supporting Perceptual Complementarity in Human-AI Collaboration via Reflection on Unobservables](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.13834/) (2022)
- [Imagining new futures beyond predictive systems in child welfare: A qualitative study with impacted stakeholders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.08928/) (2022)
- [International AI Safety Report 2025: Second Key Update: Technical Safeguards and Risk Management](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.19863/) (2025)
- [Design, Development, and Evaluation of an Interactive Personalized Social Robot to Monitor and Coach Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Exercises](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.07632/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Despite the promise of AI to assist complex decisions, practitioners still lack ways to detect likely failures and inspect the consequences of model edits before committing them. We present RuleEdit, an interactive, rule-guided human-AI model editing system that (i) surfaces likely failures through interpretable mismatch signals from rule tables and (ii) supports user-authored rule feedback with prospective previews of projected performance changes and embedding shifts. We instantiate RuleEdit in stroke rehabilitation assessment and evaluate it with health professionals and students. Rule-guided failure detection significantly increased Human + AI performance by 14.16% (p<0.001) while improving rejection of incorrect AI and reducing both over- and under- reliance as well as ChangedToWrong decisions. In addition, presenting prospective embedding previews improved participants' feedback for model adaptation, increasing post-update local performance gains from 11.50% to 36.38% after incorporating users' rule-based feedback (p<0.001). Our findings show that mismatch-based failure cues and prospective impact previews can support failure-aware human-AI model editing, while also revealing a local-global tradeoff: edits that help a specific case can degrade performance when transferred globally. We discuss implications of designing failure-aware and controllable human-AI systems.