# TCP-MCP: Landscape-Guided Co-Evolution of Prompts and Communication Topologies for Multi-Agent Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27850 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.27850/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 18 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 May 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.14168/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Effective multi-agent systems cannot be designed by selecting prompts or communication graphs in isolation. Agent behavior depends on the information an agent receives, while the usefulness of a communication edge depends on how the receiving agent interprets and uses that information. We propose TCP-MCP (Topology-Coupled Prompting for Multi-Agent Collaborative Problem-Solving), a co-evolution framework that searches agent prompts and communication topologies as a unified genome. TCP-MCP uses an initialization-time landscape probe to calibrate early search behavior, and then relies on Pareto-front diagnostics to adapt exploration under three objectives: task performance, token cost, and structural complexity. Using the same DeepSeek-V3.2 backbone across all methods, TCP-MCP achieves 82.66%, 89.96%, and 96.61% accuracy on MMLU-Pro, MMLU, and GSM8K, respectively. Across the three benchmarks, it consistently outperforms automated graph-generation baselines and achieves competitive accuracy relative to debate-style systems, while using up to 5.69× fewer tokens than those systems at the reported operating points. These results show that jointly evolving prompts and communication structure provides a practical route to cost-aware and task-adaptive multi-agent system design in controlled evaluations.