# DFKI-MLT at SemEval-2026 TASK 7: Steering Multilingual Models Towards Cultural Knowledge

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23069 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.23069/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Knowledge and representations inside LLMs, one of 13 directions in Mechanistic interpretability.
- Builds on 5 of its 9 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 21 May 2026.

## Placed in

- Mechanistic interpretability / [Knowledge and representations inside LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/mechinterp/knowledge-and-representations-inside-llms/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Addition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06681/) (2023)
- [The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.06824/) (2023)
- [AxBench: Steering LLMs? Even Simple Baselines Outperform Sparse Autoencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.17148/) (2025)
- [BLEnD: A Benchmark for LLMs on Everyday Knowledge in Diverse Cultures and Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09948/) (2024)
- [Survey of Cultural Awareness in Language Models: Text and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.00860/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Want Better Synthetic Data? Steer It: Activation Steering for Low-Resource Language Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.18389/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, yet their cultural knowledge remains uneven across regions and languages. We present the DFKI-MLT system for SemEval-2026 Task 7 on cultural awareness, where we apply activation steering to multilingual LLMs using language vectors extracted from parallel FLORES data. Our method performs inference-time adaptation by adding language-specific steering vectors to the residual stream at a selected transformer layer, without any parameter updates. We participated in both the short-answer (SAQ) and multiple-choice (MCQ) tracks; however, only our MCQ submission received an official score. In the official MCQ track, we achieved 86.96% accuracy, ranking 7th out of 17 teams. To better understand system behavior, we conduct post-hoc analyses on the shared-task MCQ and SAQ settings. These analyses show that activation steering yields modest and heterogeneous improvements on cultural reasoning: gains are strongly layer-sensitive, vary substantially across language-region pairs, with some configurations even degrading performance, and interact with prompt formulation, comparing generic and culturally conditioned prompts. Our findings suggest that prompt design and activation steering should be jointly optimized for culturally aware multilingual inference.