# Spatial Optimization of Interconnected Systems in Non-Convex Design Spaces

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17387 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.17387/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 17 May 2026.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [AI-Driven Synthesis for High-Tech System Design: Automating Innovation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.28126/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a spatial optimization methodology that extends the Spatial Packaging of Interconnected Systems with Physical Interaction (SPI2) framework to support arbitrary, non-convex design boundaries. We introduce a smooth, differentiable inside-outside evaluation for components represented using the Maximal Disjoint Ball Decomposition (MDBD) method. The framework also incorporates center-of-gravity and moment-of-inertia calculations directly into the optimization, and provides an end-to-end computer-aided design (CAD) workflow for importing components and reconstructing the optimized assembly. The method is demonstrated on a fictional aircraft auxiliary unit. Results show that the optimizer can place multiple interconnected components within a custom geometry while simultaneously handling routing and physics-based objectives. The approach maintains geometric feasibility within numerical tolerance and illustrates the potential of MDBD-based SPI2 methods for practical engineering design applications.