# Multi-Agentic Approach for History Matching of Oil Reservoirs

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15028 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.15028/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 11 of its 32 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 May 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Multimodal and embodied agents](https://mlsanity.com/agents/multimodal-and-embodied-agents/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

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## Abstract (arXiv)

History matching is a central inverse problem in reservoir engineering, where uncertain reservoir parameters must be calibrated against observations. Although automated history matching can reduce manual effort, practical deployment remains difficult because engineers must still configure heterogeneous workflows involving parameter selection, physically admissible bounds, optimizer choice, hyperparameter tuning, simulator execution, and diagnostic reporting. We propose PetroGraph, a multi-agent framework for intelligent reservoir history matching that decomposes this workflow into specialized agents for model review, experimental planning, parameterization, optimization, simulation, and summarization. The system combines large language model agents with domain-specific tools, retrieval-augmented access to simulator documentation, validation of modified ECLIPSE input decks, human-in-the-loop checkpoints, and an OPM Flow-based simulation backend. This design enables users to initiate and steer history matching through natural language while preserving explicit control over selected parameters and optimization settings. We evaluate PetroGraph on three reservoir models of increasing complexity: the synthetic SPE1 model, the faulted SPE9 benchmark, and the real-field Norne model. Using weighted normalized root mean square error as the objective, PetroGraph reduces the mismatch by 95% on SPE1, 69% on SPE9, and 13% on Norne. These results demonstrate that multi-agent orchestration can automate key decisions in history matching, lower the expertise barrier for operating complex simulation workflows, and provide a flexible foundation for extensible, domain-aware reservoir model adaptation.