# WildRelight: A Real-World Benchmark and Physics-Guided Adaptation for Single-Image Relighting

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11696 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.11696/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 25 of its 47 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 12 May 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 25 of 25)

- [LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09685/) (2021)
- [3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04079/) (2023)
- [Diffusion Posterior Sampling for General Noisy Inverse Problems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.14687/) (2022)
- [Instruct-NeRF2NeRF: Editing 3D Scenes with Instructions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.12789/) (2023)
- [NeRD: Neural Reflectance Decomposition from Image Collections](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.03918/) (2020)
- [PhySG: Inverse Rendering with Spherical Gaussians for Physics-based Material Editing and Relighting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.00674/) (2021)
- [Modeling Indirect Illumination for Inverse Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06837/) (2022)
- [NeRO: Neural Geometry and BRDF Reconstruction of Reflective Objects from Multiview Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.17398/) (2023)
- [RGBleftrightarrowX: Image decomposition and synthesis using material- and lighting-aware diffusion models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00666/) (2024)
- [NeRF for Outdoor Scene Relighting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.05140/) (2021)
- [Neural Inverse Rendering of an Indoor Scene from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.02453/) (2019)
- [OpenRooms: An End-to-End Open Framework for Photorealistic Indoor Scene Datasets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.12868/) (2020)
- [Physically-Based Editing of Indoor Scene Lighting from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.09343/) (2022)
- [IRISformer: Dense Vision Transformers for Single-Image Inverse Rendering in Indoor Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.08423/) (2022)
- [Stanford-ORB: A Real-World 3D Object Inverse Rendering Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.16044/) (2023)
- [A Dataset of Multi-Illumination Images in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.08131/) (2019)
- [ReLight My NeRF: A Dataset for Novel View Synthesis and Relighting of Real World Objects](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.10448/) (2023)
- [OpenIllumination: A Multi-Illumination Dataset for Inverse Rendering Evaluation on Real Objects](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.07921/) (2023)
- [IllumiNeRF: 3D Relighting Without Inverse Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.06527/) (2024)
- [Objects With Lighting: A Real-World Dataset for Evaluating Reconstruction and Rendering for Object Relighting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09126/) (2024)
- [SIMBAR: Single Image-Based Scene Relighting For Effective Data Augmentation For Automated Driving Vision Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.00644/) (2022)
- [Weakly-supervised Single-view Image Relighting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.13852/) (2023)
- [Materialist: Physically Based Editing Using Single-Image Inverse Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.03717/) (2025)
- [HumanOLAT: A Large-Scale Dataset for Full-Body Human Relighting and Novel-View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.09137/) (2025)
- [OLATverse: A Large-scale Real-world Object Dataset with Precise Lighting Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.02483/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recent single-image relighting methods, powered by advanced generative models, have achieved impressive photorealism on synthetic benchmarks. However, their effectiveness in the complex visual landscape of the real world remains largely unverified. A critical gap exists, as current datasets are typically designed for multi-view reconstruction and fail to address the unique challenges of single-image relighting. To bridge this synthetic-to-real gap, we introduce WildRelight, the first in-the-wild dataset specifically created for evaluating single-image relighting models. WildRelight features a diverse collection of high-resolution outdoor scenes, captured under strictly aligned, temporally varying natural illuminations, each paired with a high-dynamic-range environment map. Using this data, we establish a rigorous benchmark revealing that state-of-the-art models trained on synthetic data suffer from severe domain shifts. The strictly aligned temporal structure of WildRelight enables a new paradigm for domain adaptation. We demonstrate this by introducing a physics-guided inference framework that leverages the captured natural light evolution as a self-supervised constraint. By integrating Diffusion Posterior Sampling (DPS) with temporal Sampling-Aware Test-Time Adaptation (TTA), we show that the dataset allows synthetic models to align with real-world statistics on-the-fly, transforming the intractable sim-to-real challenge into a tractable self-supervised task. The dataset and code will be made publicly available to foster robust, physically-grounded relighting research.