# 31.1 A 14.08-to-135.69Token/s ReRAM-on-Logic Stacked Outlier-Free Large-Language-Model Accelerator with Block-Clustered Weight-Compression and Adaptive Parallel-Speculative-Decoding

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09375 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.09375/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Speculative decoding, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving.
- Builds on 14 of its 20 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 May 2026.

## Placed in

- Efficient LLM inference and serving / [Speculative decoding](https://mlsanity.com/inference/speculative-decoding/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [The Llama 3 Herd of Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21783/) (2024)
- [Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09288/) (2023)
- [GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.17323/) (2022)
- [Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.17192/) (2022)
- [QuaRot: Outlier-Free 4-Bit Inference in Rotated LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.00456/) (2024)
- [EAGLE: Speculative Sampling Requires Rethinking Feature Uncertainty](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.15077/) (2024)
- [SpinQuant: LLM quantization with learned rotations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.16406/) (2024)
- [PEARL: Parallel Speculative Decoding with Adaptive Draft Length](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.11850/) (2024)
- [GPTVQ: The Blessing of Dimensionality for LLM Quantization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.15319/) (2024)
- [VPTQ: Extreme Low-bit Vector Post-Training Quantization for Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.17066/) (2024)
- [MaskLLM: Learnable Semi-Structured Sparsity for Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.17481/) (2024)
- [RoLoRA: Fine-tuning Rotated Outlier-free LLMs for Effective Weight-Activation Quantization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.08044/) (2024)
- [A 28nm 0.22μJ/token memory-compute-intensity-aware CNN-Transformer accelerator with hybrid-attention-based layer-fusion and cascaded pruning for semantic-segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.17555/) (2025)
- [MVQ:Towards Efficient DNN Compression and Acceleration with Masked Vector Quantization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.10261/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This work presents a 55nm speculative decoding-based LLM accelerator with bumping-based face-to-face ReRAM-on-logic stacking technology. It features a local rotation unit for outlier-free low-bit quantization, a stacking-aware PNM architecture co-designed with blockwise vector quantization to reduce weight EMA overheads, and an adaptive parallel speculative decoding scheme with an out-of-order scheduler for high resource and bandwidth utilization. Our chip achieves 14.08-to-135.69token/s and 4.46-to-7.17x speedup over vanilla speculative decoding.