# TopoGeoScore: A Self-Supervised Source-Only Geometric Framework for OOD Checkpoint Selection

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.08870 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.08870/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 52 of its 70 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 9 May 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 52)

- [A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.05709/) (2020)
- [Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.05722/) (2019)
- [Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.07733/) (2020)
- [A ConvNet for the 2020s](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.03545/) (2022)
- [Benchmarking Neural Network Robustness to Common Corruptions and Perturbations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.12261/) (2019)
- [Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.10566/) (2020)
- [A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.05426/) (2017)
- [Sinkhorn Distances: Lightspeed Computation of Optimal Transportation Distances](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1306.0895/) (2013)
- [Open Graph Benchmark: Datasets for Machine Learning on Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00687/) (2020)
- [Invariant Risk Minimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.02893/) (2019)
- [Barlow Twins: Self-Supervised Learning via Redundancy Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.03230/) (2021)
- [Similarity of Neural Network Representations Revisited](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.00414/) (2019)
- [Sharpness-Aware Minimization for Efficiently Improving Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.01412/) (2020)
- [Understanding Contrastive Representation Learning through Alignment and Uniformity on the Hypersphere](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.10242/) (2020)
- [Averaging Weights Leads to Wider Optima and Better Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.05407/) (2018)
- [VICReg: Variance-Invariance-Covariance Regularization for Self-Supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.04906/) (2021)
- [Right for the Wrong Reasons: Diagnosing Syntactic Heuristics in Natural Language Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.01007/) (2019)
- [Out-of-Distribution Generalization via Risk Extrapolation (REx)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.00688/) (2020)
- [Spectrally-normalized margin bounds for neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.08498/) (2017)
- [Computing Nonvacuous Generalization Bounds for Deep (Stochastic) Neural Networks with Many More Parameters than Training Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.11008/) (2017)
- [Fantastic Generalization Measures and Where to Find Them](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.02178/) (2019)
- [Understanding over-squashing and bottlenecks on graphs via curvature](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.14522/) (2021)
- [SWAD: Domain Generalization by Seeking Flat Minima](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.08604/) (2021)
- [Provable Guarantees for Self-Supervised Deep Learning with Spectral Contrastive Loss](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.04156/) (2021)
- [Do Wide and Deep Networks Learn the Same Things? Uncovering How Neural Network Representations Vary with Width and Depth](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.15327/) (2020)
- [Persistence Images: A Stable Vector Representation of Persistent Homology](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1507.06217/) (2015)
- [Do CIFAR-10 Classifiers Generalize to CIFAR-10?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.00451/) (2018)
- [Invariant Risk Minimization Games](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.04692/) (2020)
- [Fishr: Invariant Gradient Variances for Out-of-Distribution Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.02934/) (2021)
- [Leveraging Unlabeled Data to Predict Out-of-Distribution Performance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.04234/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [STAMP: Predicting Out-of-Distribution Generalization without Target Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.32672/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness is difficult to diagnose when target-domain labels are unavailable. We consider a more restrictive source-only variant of unsupervised accuracy estimation: selecting robust checkpoints using only source-domain representations, with no target samples or target labels. We propose TopoGeoScore, a source-only geometric scorer for label-free OOD checkpoint selection. Given a trained checkpoint, we construct class-conditional mutual k-nearest-neighbour graphs from source embeddings and extract three interpretable signals: a torsion-inspired reduced Laplacian log-determinant for global class-manifold complexity, Ollivier--Ricci curvature for local neighbourhood regularity, and higher-order topological summaries for fragmented connectivity, loops, and global--local inconsistency. Instead of fixing their weights by hand, TopoGeoScore learns a non-negative linear score through a self-supervised objective that enforces invariance under approximately geometry-preserving embedding views and separation from structure-breaking views. The score remains interpretable and uses no target-domain samples or labels. Results across CIFAR-based corruption and distribution-shift benchmarks, ImageNet-C, MNLI→HANS transfer, and OGBN-Arxiv suggest that source representations contain measurable global--local--topological evidence of robustness, supporting practical checkpoint selection before deployment under distribution shift.