# Dr-PoGO: Direct Radar Pose-Graph Optimization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04806 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.04806/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 6 May 2026.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Dr-BA: Separable Optimization for Direct Radar Bundle Adjustment & Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.07041/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper introduces Dr-PoGO, a method for Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) using a 2D spinning radar. Unlike cameras or lidars that require line-of-sight, millimetre-wave radars can `see' through dust, falling snow, rain, etc. Accordingly, it is a great modality for robust perception regardless of the weather conditions. While most existing radar-based SLAM methods rely on the extraction of point clouds or features to perform ego-motion estimation, Dr-PoGO leverages direct registration techniques for odometry (DRO) and loop-closure registration. An off-the-shelf radar-focused place recognition algorithm, RaPlace, provides loop-closure candidates. As RaPlace does not provide relative transformations, Dr-PoGO introduces a coarse-to-fine registration that uses visual features and descriptors to obtain an initial guess for the direct transformation refinement. The global trajectory is optimized in a pose-graph optimization. Dr-PoGO demonstrates state-of-the-art performance over 300km of data in various real-world automotive environments. Our implementation is publicly available: https://github.com/utiasASRL/dr_pogo.