# SC-Taxo: Hierarchical Taxonomy Generation under Semantic Consistency Constraints using Large Language Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00620 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.00620/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 21 of its 41 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 May 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.10084/) (2019)
- [A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition and Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.00388/) (2020)
- [Massively Multilingual Sentence Embeddings for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.10464/) (2018)
- [SPECTER: Document-level Representation Learning using Citation-informed Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.07180/) (2020)
- [A Survey Of Cross-lingual Word Embedding Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.04902/) (2017)
- [Goal-Driven Explainable Clustering via Language Descriptions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13749/) (2023)
- [SAC-KG: Exploiting Large Language Models as Skilled Automatic Constructors for Domain Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.02811/) (2024)
- [CHIME: LLM-Assisted Hierarchical Organization of Scientific Studies for Literature Review Support](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.16148/) (2024)
- [TnT-LLM: Text Mining at Scale with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.12173/) (2024)
- [TaxoAdapt: Aligning LLM-Based Multidimensional Taxonomy Construction to Evolving Research Corpora](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.10737/) (2025)
- [Knowledge Navigator: LLM-guided Browsing Framework for Exploratory Search in Scientific Literature](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.15836/) (2024)
- [Hierarchical Metadata-Aware Document Categorization under Weak Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.13556/) (2020)
- [Hierarchical Catalogue Generation for Literature Review: A Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03512/) (2023)
- [Context-Aware Hierarchical Taxonomy Generation for Scientific Papers via LLM-Guided Multi-Aspect Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.19125/) (2025)
- [From Papers to Panoramas: Building Hierarchies of Scientific Literature at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.13834/) (2025)
- [LLMTaxo: Leveraging Large Language Models for Constructing Taxonomy of Factual Claims from Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.12325/) (2025)
- [QuanTaxo: A Quantum Approach to Self-Supervised Taxonomy Expansion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.14011/) (2025)
- [KG-HTC: Integrating Knowledge Graphs into LLMs for Effective Zero-shot Hierarchical Text Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.05583/) (2025)
- [Building Data-Driven Occupation Taxonomies: A Bottom-Up Multi-Stage Approach via Semantic Clustering and Multi-Agent Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.15786/) (2025)
- [Minimizing Hyperbolic Embedding Distortion with LLM-Guided Hierarchy Restructuring](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.20679/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Scientific literature is expanding at an unprecedented pace, making it increasingly challenging to efficiently organize and access domain knowledge. A high-quality scientific taxonomy offers a structured and hierarchical representation of a research field, facilitating literature exploration and topic navigation, as well as enabling downstream applications such as trend analysis, idea generation, and information retrieval. However, existing taxonomy generation approaches often suffer from structural inconsistencies and semantic misalignment across hierarchical levels. Through empirical analysis, we find that these issues largely stem from inadequate modeling of hierarchical semantic consistency. To address this limitation, we propose a semantic-consistent taxonomy generation (SC-Taxo) framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) with hierarchy-aware refinement stages to ensure semantic consistency. Specifically, SC-Taxo introduces a bidirectional heading generation mechanism that jointly performs bottom-up abstraction and top-down semantic constraint, while further capturing peer-level semantic dependencies to enhance horizontal consistency. Experiments on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate consistent improvements in hierarchy alignment and heading quality, and additional evaluation on Chinese scientific literature validates its robust cross-lingual generalization.