# Autonomous Systems Dependability in the era of AI: Design Challenges in Safety, Security, Reliability and Certification

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27807 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.27807/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 59 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 30 Apr 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Computing Systems for Autonomous Driving: State-of-the-Art and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.14349/) (2020)
- [INDRA: Intrusion Detection using Recurrent Autoencoders in Automotive Embedded Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.08795/) (2020)
- [LATTE: LSTM Self-Attention based Anomaly Detection in Embedded Automotive Platforms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.05561/) (2021)
- [TENET: Temporal CNN with Attention for Anomaly Detection in Automotive Cyber-Physical Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.04565/) (2021)
- [GPS-IDS: An Anomaly-based GPS Spoofing Attack Detection Framework for Autonomous Vehicles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.08359/) (2024)
- [MTL-Split: Multi-Task Learning for Edge Devices using Split Computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05982/) (2024)
- [Complying with the EU AI Act: Innovations in Explainable and User-Centric Hand Gesture Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.15528/) (2025)
- [Toward the Design of Fault-Tolerance- and Peak- Power-Aware Multi-Core Mixed-Criticality Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.07739/) (2021)
- [Enhancing Split Computing and Early Exit Applications through Predefined Sparsity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.11763/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The design of embedded safety-critical systems such as those used in next-generation automotive and autonomous platforms, is increasingly challenged by escalating system complexity, hardware-software heterogeneity, and the integration of intelligent, data-driven components. Ensuring dependability in such systems requires a holistic approach that spans multiple abstraction layers and encompasses both design- and run-time assurance. Traditional methods for reliability, safety, and security management often fall short in addressing the dynamic and uncertain behaviors introduced by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) components, especially under stringent real-time, power, and safety constraints. While AI and ML offer powerful predictive, adaptive, and self-optimizing capabilities that can enhance system dependability, their inherent non-determinism, data-dependence, and lack of formal guarantees introduce new challenges for verification, validation, and certification. This paper explores emerging methodologies, architectures, and frameworks for designing dependable autonomous and embedded systems in the era of AI. It highlight advances in reliability modeling, secure system design, and certification approaches that account for imperfect, learning-enabled components, aiming to bridge the gap between AI innovation and certifiable system-level dependability.