# Event-based Liveness Detection using Temporal Ocular Dynamics: An Exploratory Approach

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.26285 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.26285/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 18 of its 47 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Apr 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [Event-based Vision: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.08405/) (2019)
- [Surrogate Gradient Learning in Spiking Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.09948/) (2019)
- [Temporal Convolutional Networks for Action Segmentation and Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.05267/) (2016)
- [Deep Pixel-wise Binary Supervision for Face Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.04047/) (2019)
- [Deep Learning for Face Anti-Spoofing: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.14948/) (2021)
- [Event Based, Near Eye Gaze Tracking Beyond 10,000Hz](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.03577/) (2020)
- [3ET: Efficient Event-based Eye Tracking using a Change-Based ConvLSTM Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.11771/) (2023)
- [Retina : Low-Power Eye Tracking with Event Camera and Spiking Hardware](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00425/) (2023)
- [Neuromorphic Event-based Facial Expression Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.06351/) (2023)
- [Event-based Face Detection and Tracking in the Blink of an Eye](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.10106/) (2018)
- [Spiking-Fer: Spiking Neural Network for Facial Expression Recognition With Event Cameras](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.10211/) (2023)
- [Neuromorphic Face Analysis: a Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.11631/) (2024)
- [Exploring Temporal Dynamics in Event-based Eye Tracker](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.23725/) (2025)
- [Exploring Spatial-Temporal Dynamics in Event-based Facial Micro-Expression Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.11988/) (2025)
- [GazeSCRNN: Event-based Near-eye Gaze Tracking using a Spiking Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.16012/) (2025)
- [Dual-Path Enhancements in Event-Based Eye Tracking: Augmented Robustness and Adaptive Temporal Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.09960/) (2025)
- [evTransFER: A Transfer Learning Framework for Event-based Facial Expression Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.03609/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Face liveness detection has been extensively studied using RGB cameras, achieving strong performance under controlled conditions but often failing to generalize across sensors and attack scenarios. In this work, we explore event cameras as an alternative sensing modality for liveness detection based on temporal ocular dynamics. Event cameras capture sparse, asynchronous changes in brightness with microsecond resolution, enabling precise analysis of fast eye movements such as saccades. Replay attacks cannot faithfully reproduce these dynamics due to temporal resampling and display artifacts, leading to distinctive spatio-temporal patterns in the event domain. We design a data collection protocol to extend RGBE-Gaze with replay-attack recordings, yielding an event-based fake counterpart for liveness detection. We analyze event-driven temporal features from eye regions and evaluate their effectiveness for ocular motion segmentation and liveness classification. Our results show that event-based representations enable reliable discrimination between genuine and replayed sequences, achieving up to 95.37% top-1 accuracy with a spiking convolutional neural network. These preliminary findings highlight the potential of event-based sensing for robust and low-latency liveness detection.