# MultiDx: A Multi-Source Knowledge Integration Framework towards Diagnostic Reasoning

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24186 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.24186/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Clinical and biomedical applications, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning.
- Builds on 16 of its 38 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM reasoning / [Clinical and biomedical applications](https://mlsanity.com/lr/clinical-and-biomedical-applications/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.06146/) (2019)
- [Search-o1: Agentic Search-Enhanced Large Reasoning Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.05366/) (2025)
- [AFlow: Automating Agentic Workflow Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.10762/) (2024)
- [ScispaCy: Fast and Robust Models for Biomedical Natural Language Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.07669/) (2019)
- [Deep Research Agents: A Systematic Examination And Roadmap](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.18096/) (2025)
- [A Survey of LLM-based Agents in Medicine: How far are we from Baymax?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.11211/) (2025)
- [MedAgent-Pro: Towards Evidence-based Multi-modal Medical Diagnosis via Reasoning Agentic Workflow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.18968/) (2025)
- [MedicalAgentsBench for Complex Medical Reasoning: Comparing Internalized Reasoning Models versus Externalized Agent-based Frameworks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.07459/) (2025)
- [MMedAgent-RL: Optimizing Multi-Agent Collaboration for Multimodal Medical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.00555/) (2025)
- [MedCaseReasoning: Evaluating and learning diagnostic reasoning from clinical case reports](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.11733/) (2025)
- [Navigate the Unknown: Enhancing LLM Reasoning with Intrinsic Motivation Guided Exploration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.17621/) (2025)
- [MedBrowseComp: Benchmarking Medical Deep Research and Computer Use](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.14963/) (2025)
- [MEDDxAgent: A Unified Modular Agent Framework for Explainable Automatic Differential Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.19175/) (2025)
- [MedAide: Information Fusion and Anatomy of Medical Intents via LLM-based Agent Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.12532/) (2024)
- [Align-GRAG: Anchor and Rationale Guided Dual Alignment for Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.16237/) (2025)
- [ConfAgents: A Conformal-Guided Multi-Agent Framework for Cost-Efficient Medical Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04915/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Diagnostic prediction and clinical reasoning are critical tasks in healthcare applications. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in commonsense reasoning, they still struggle with diagnostic reasoning due to limited domain knowledge. Existing approaches often rely on internal model knowledge or static knowledge bases, resulting in knowledge insufficiency and limited adaptability, which hinder their capacity to perform diagnostic reasoning. Moreover, these methods focus solely on the accuracy of final predictions, overlooking alignment with standard clinical reasoning trajectories. To this end, we propose MultiDx, a two-stage diagnostic reasoning framework that performs differential diagnosis by analyzing evidence collected from multiple knowledge sources. Specifically, it first generates suspected diagnoses and reasoning paths by leveraging knowledge from web search, SOAP-formatted case, and clinical case database. Then it integrates multi-perspective evidence through matching, voting, and differential diagnosis to generate the final prediction.~Extensive experiments on two public benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.