# Architectures for Robust Self-Organizing Energy Systems under Information and Control Constraints

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21529 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.21529/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 5 of its 30 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Apr 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Anomaly Transformer: Time Series Anomaly Detection with Association Discrepancy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.02642/) (2021)
- [Smart Anomaly Detection in Sensor Systems: A Multi-Perspective Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.14946/) (2020)
- [Distributed Energy Resources Cybersecurity Outlook: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, Impacts, and Mitigations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11171/) (2022)
- [Adaptive Network Response to Line Failures in Power Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.11319/) (2020)
- [Mitigation of Cyberattacks through Battery Storage for Stable Microgrid Operation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.11473/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Applying the concept of controlled self-organization in agent-based Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) is a promising approach to ensure system robustness. By introducing an observer/controller architecture to the system, this concept allows for self-organization while still enabling intervention when disturbances occur. Thus, it is possible to respond to effects of cyber attacks, a major threat to current energy systems. However, when implementing an observer to monitor the system and a controller to execute actions for controlled self-organization in CPES, it is essential to take into account restrictions on information and actions resulting from the privacy of local distributed energy resources, regulatory constraints, and data exchange requirements. For this reason, this paper presents architecture variants for the observer and controller that take into account restrictions on access to information and limited actions. In addition, it evaluates possible controller actions in various architectures. The results underscore the importance of considering observer/controller architectures when designing agent-based systems to ensure their robustness for real-world applications.