# A 129FPS Full HD Real-Time Accelerator for 3D Gaussian Splatting

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10223 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.10223/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 11 Apr 2026.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [From Splats to Silicon: Rethinking Computational Efficiency of 3DGS](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.06157/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Rendering large-scale, unbounded scenes on AR/VR-class devices is constrained by the computation, bandwidth, and storage cost of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS). We propose a low-power, low-cost 3DGS hardware accelerator that renders full-HD images in real time, together with a hardware-friendly compression pipeline that combines iterative Gaussian pruning and fine-tuning, progressive spherical harmonics (SH) degree reduction, and vector quantization of all SH coefficients and colors. The scheme achieves a 51.6× model-size reduction with a 0.743 dB PSNR loss. The accelerator uses a frame-level pipeline that integrates point-based culling and projection with tile-based sorting and rasterization, skips zero-Jacobian matrix multiplications (reducing processing elements by 63% and computation by 53%), and adopts comparison-free tile-based sorting with deterministic latency. Implemented in a TSMC 28-nm process at 800 MHz, the design occupies 0.66~mm2 with 1.1438 M gates and 120 kB SRAM, consumes 0.219 W, and delivers 1219 Mpixels/J at 267.5 Mpixels/s, enabling 1080p at 129 FPS. Overall, it is 5.98× smaller in area, 5.94× higher throughput, and delivers 7.5× higher energy efficiency than prior 3DGS accelerators.