# FlowPalm: Optical Flow Driven Non-Rigid Deformation for Geometrically Diverse Palmprint Generation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09989 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.09989/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 25 of its 51 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Apr 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 25 of 25)

- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.02502/) (2020)
- [Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05233/) (2021)
- [Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.00667/) (2022)
- [Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.05543/) (2023)
- [GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10741/) (2021)
- [RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.12039/) (2020)
- [RandAugment: Practical automated data augmentation with a reduced search space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.13719/) (2019)
- [AdaFace: Quality Adaptive Margin for Face Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.00964/) (2022)
- [MobileFaceNets: Efficient CNNs for Accurate Real-Time Face Verification on Mobile Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.07573/) (2018)
- [Go-with-the-Flow: Motion-Controllable Video Diffusion Models Using Real-Time Warped Noise](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.08331/) (2025)
- [Arc2Face: A Foundation Model for ID-Consistent Human Faces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.11641/) (2024)
- [IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04995/) (2023)
- [How I Warped Your Noise: a Temporally-Correlated Noise Prior for Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.03072/) (2025)
- [It's All About Your Sketch: Democratising Sketch Control in Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.07234/) (2024)
- [Synthetic Data in Human Analysis: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.09191/) (2022)
- [ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.17576/) (2024)
- [Consistent Flow Distillation for Text-to-3D Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.05445/) (2025)
- [Alias-Free Latent Diffusion Models: Improving Fractional Shift Equivariance of Diffusion Latent Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.09419/) (2025)
- [Text-to-Image Diffusion Models are Great Sketch-Photo Matchmakers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.07214/) (2024)
- [RPG-Palm: Realistic Pseudo-data Generation for Palmprint Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.14016/) (2023)
- [Physics-Driven Spectrum-Consistent Federated Learning for Palmprint Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.00451/) (2023)
- [Towards Palmprint Verification On Smartphones](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.13266/) (2020)
- [Diff-Palm: Realistic Palmprint Generation with Polynomial Creases and Intra-Class Variation Controllable Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.18312/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, synthetic palmprints have been increasingly used as substitutes for real data to train recognition models. To be effective, such synthetic data must reflect the diversity of real palmprints, including both style variation and geometric variation. However, existing palmprint generation methods mainly focus on style translation, while geometric variation is either ignored or approximated by simple handcrafted augmentations. In this work, we propose FlowPalm, an optical-flow-driven palmprint generation framework capable of simulating the complex non-rigid deformations observed in real palms. Specifically, FlowPalm estimates optical flows between real palmprint pairs to capture the statistical patterns of geometric deformations. Building on these priors, we design a progressive sampling process that gradually introduces the geometric deformations during diffusion while maintaining identity consistency. Extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets demonstrate that FlowPalm significantly outperforms state-of-the-art palmprint generation approaches in downstream recognition tasks. Project page: https://yuchenzou.github.io/FlowPalm/