# MuTSE: A Human-in-the-Loop Multi-use Text Simplification Evaluator

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08947 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.08947/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 5 of its 17 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 Apr 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.10084/) (2019)
- [BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.09675/) (2019)
- [EASSE: Easier Automatic Sentence Simplification Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.04567/) (2019)
- [BLESS: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Sentence Simplification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.15773/) (2023)
- [Sentence Simplification via Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.11957/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent in text simplification, systematically evaluating their outputs across diverse prompting strategies and architectures remains a critical methodological challenge in both NLP research and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). Developing robust prompts is often hindered by the absence of structured, visual frameworks for comparative text analysis. While researchers typically rely on static computational scripts, educators are constrained to standard conversational interfaces -- neither paradigm supports systematic multi-dimensional evaluation of prompt-model permutations. To address these limitations, we introduce MuTSEfootnoteThe project code and the demo have been made available for peer review at the following anonymized URL. https://osf.io/njs43/overview?viewonly=4b4655789f484110a942ebb7788cdf2a, an interactive human-in-the-loop web application designed to streamline the evaluation of LLM-generated text simplifications across arbitrary CEFR proficiency targets. The system supports concurrent execution of P × M prompt-model permutations, generating a comprehensive comparison matrix in real-time. By integrating a novel tiered semantic alignment engine augmented with a linearity bias heuristic (λ), MuTSE visually maps source sentences to their simplified counterparts, reducing the cognitive load associated with qualitative analysis and enabling reproducible, structured annotation for downstream NLP dataset construction.