# PSI: Shared State as the Missing Layer for Coherent AI-Generated Instruments in Personal AI Agents

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08529 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.08529/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 40 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 9 Apr 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03442/) (2023)
- [Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.03172/) (2023)
- [Personal LLM Agents: Insights and Survey about the Capability, Efficiency and Security](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.05459/) (2024)
- [Graphologue: Exploring Large Language Model Responses with Interactive Diagrams](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.11473/) (2023)
- [Luminate: Structured Generation and Exploration of Design Space with Large Language Models for Human-AI Co-Creation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.12953/) (2023)
- [Creating General User Models from Computer Use](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.10831/) (2025)
- [DynaVis: Dynamically Synthesized UI Widgets for Visualization Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.10880/) (2024)
- [Generative and Malleable User Interfaces with Generative and Evolving Task-Driven Data Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.04084/) (2025)
- [OmniActions: Predicting Digital Actions in Response to Real-World Multimodal Sensory Inputs with LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.03901/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Unified Agent: Managing Interactions across Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.05729/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Personal AI tools can now be generated from natural-language requests, but they often remain isolated after creation. We present PSI, a shared-state architecture that turns independently generated modules into coherent instruments: persistent, connected, and chat-complementary artifacts accessible through both GUIs and a generic chat agent. By publishing current state and write-back affordances to a shared personal-context bus, modules enable cross-module reasoning and synchronized actions across interfaces. We study PSI through a three-week autobiographical deployment in a self-developed personal AI environment and show that later-generated instruments can be integrated automatically through the same contract. PSI identifies shared state as the missing systems layer that transforms AI-generated personal software from isolated apps into coherent personal computing environments.