# PSR2: A Phase-based Semantic Reasoning Framework for Atomicity Violation Detection via Contract Refinement

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06975 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.06975/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2026.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [RAGas: Retrieval-Augmented Gas Optimization for Smart Contracts with Continuous Knowledge Integration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.15857/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

With the rapid advancement of decentralized applications, smart contract security faces severe challenges, particularly regarding atomicity violations in complex logic such as Oracle and NFT contracts. Rigid rule sets often limit traditional static analyzers and lack deep contextual awareness, leading to high false-positive and false-negative rates when identifying vulnerabilities that depend on intermediate state inconsistencies. To address these limitations, this paper proposes PSRtextsuperscript2, a novel collaborative static analysis framework that integrates structural path searching with deterministic semantic reasoning. PSRtextsuperscript2 utilizes a Graph Structure Analysis Module (GSAM) to identify suspicious execution sequences in control flow graphs and a Semantic Context Analysis Module (SCAM) to extract data dependencies and state facts from abstract syntax trees. A Fusion Decision Module (FDM) then performs formal cross validation to confirm vulnerabilities based on a unified atomicity inconsistency model. Experimental results on 1,600 contract samples demonstrate that PSRtextsuperscript2 significantly outperforms pattern-matching baselines, achieving an F1-score of 94.69% in complex ERC-721 scenarios compared to 51.86% for existing tools. Ablation studies further confirm that our fusion logic effectively reduces the false-positive rate by nearly half compared to single module analysis.