# GPT-NL Public Corpus: A Permissively Licensed, Dutch-First Dataset for LLM Pre-training

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00920 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.00920/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 25 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [The Secret Sharer: Evaluating and Testing Unintended Memorization in Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.08232/) (2018)
- [Dolma: an Open Corpus of Three Trillion Tokens for Language Model Pretraining Research](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.00159/) (2024)
- [A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination Mitigation Techniques in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01313/) (2024)
- [CulturaX: A Cleaned, Enormous, and Multilingual Dataset for Large Language Models in 167 Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.09400/) (2023)
- [HalluLens: LLM Hallucination Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.17550/) (2025)
- [MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.00904/) (2021)
- [At Which Training Stage Does Code Data Help LLMs Reasoning?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.16298/) (2023)
- [A New Massive Multilingual Dataset for High-Performance Language Technologies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14009/) (2024)
- [DGT-TM: A freely Available Translation Memory in 22 Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1309.5226/) (2013)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Language, Language Models, and What We're Talking About](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.03577/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present the GPT-NL Public Corpus, the biggest permissively licensed corpus of Dutch language resources. The GPT-NL Public Corpus contains 21 Dutch-only collections totalling 36B preprocessed Dutch tokens not present in any other LLM pretraining corpus. Additionally, the corpus includes roughly 207B English, 232B Code, and 48B German/Danish tokens taken from existing sets which we further curated for compliance. This corpus includes curated data from large existing corpora like Common Corpus and Common Crawl, as well as newly created Dutch-specific collections. Most newly created Dutch collections consist of content collected in collaboration with organisations or synthetically augmented content. All data is collected and evaluated with the aim of facilitating the creation of (commercial) language models that are lawful, useful and non-harmful. All data included in the GPT-NL Public Corpus is sourced from datasets with permissive licensing and is curated and redistributed under a CC-BY license. The full dataset is publicly available on the Hugging Face Hub.