# GEditBench v2: A Human-Aligned Benchmark for General Image Editing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28547 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.28547/

## Key facts

- Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Diffusion and multimodal model alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation.
- Builds on 34 of its 56 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation / [Diffusion and multimodal model alignment](https://mlsanity.com/alignment/diffusion-and-multimodal-model-alignment/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.03924/) (2018)
- [Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.05685/) (2023)
- [DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.07193/) (2023)
- [InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.09800/) (2022)
- [Depth Anything V2](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09414/) (2024)
- [DINOv3](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.10104/) (2025)
- [FLUX.1 Kontext: Flow Matching for In-Context Image Generation and Editing in Latent Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.15742/) (2025)
- [Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretraining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.14683/) (2025)
- [MagicBrush: A Manually Annotated Dataset for Instruction-Guided Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.10012/) (2023)
- [Step1X-Edit: A Practical Framework for General Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.17761/) (2025)
- [MLLM-as-a-Judge: Assessing Multimodal LLM-as-a-Judge with Vision-Language Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.04788/) (2024)
- [UltraEdit: Instruction-based Fine-Grained Image Editing at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05282/) (2024)
- [OmniGen2: Towards Instruction-Aligned Multimodal Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.18871/) (2025)
- [Seedream 4.0: Toward Next-generation Multimodal Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.20427/) (2025)
- [AnyEdit: Mastering Unified High-Quality Image Editing for Any Idea](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.15738/) (2024)
- [ImgEdit: A Unified Image Editing Dataset and Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.20275/) (2025)
- [Qwen3-VL-Embedding and Qwen3-VL-Reranker: A Unified Framework for State-of-the-Art Multimodal Retrieval and Ranking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.04720/) (2026)
- [VIEScore: Towards Explainable Metrics for Conditional Image Synthesis Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.14867/) (2023)
- [Devils in Middle Layers of Large Vision-Language Models: Interpreting, Detecting and Mitigating Object Hallucinations via Attention Lens](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.16724/) (2024)
- [Echo-4o: Harnessing the Power of GPT-4o Synthetic Images for Improved Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.09987/) (2025)
- [LongCat-Image Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.07584/) (2025)
- [Pref-GRPO: Pairwise Preference Reward-based GRPO for Stable Text-to-Image Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.20751/) (2025)
- [Unified Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reward Model through Reinforcement Fine-Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.03318/) (2025)
- [VisualQuality-R1: Reasoning-Induced Image Quality Assessment via Reinforcement Learning to Rank](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.14460/) (2025)
- [InstructEdit: Improving Automatic Masks for Diffusion-based Image Editing With User Instructions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18047/) (2023)
- [EditScore: Unlocking Online RL for Image Editing via High-Fidelity Reward Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.23909/) (2025)
- [EditReward: A Human-Aligned Reward Model for Instruction-Guided Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.26346/) (2025)
- [Pico-Banana-400K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Text-Guided Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.19808/) (2025)
- [VLM2-Bench: A Closer Look at How Well VLMs Implicitly Link Explicit Matching Visual Cues](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.12084/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [Boogu-Image-0.1: Boosting Open Agentic Multimodal Generation via Understanding under a Minimal Budget](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.13125/) (2026)
- [The Many Senses of Visual Similarity: A Text-Prompted Image Perceptual Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.18237/) (2026)
- [ChatGPT Images 2.5 on Forgery Tasks: Testing Advertised Improvements Against Known Answers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.13617/) (2026)
- [ControlLight: Towards Controllable, Consistent, and Generalizable Low-Light Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.25569/) (2026)
- [MPIE-Bench: Benchmarking Anatomically Plausible Multi-Person Interaction Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.27616/) (2026)
- [Edit Where You Mean: Region-Aware Adapter Injection for Mask-Free Local Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.23763/) (2026)
- [Qwen-Image-Flash: Rethinking the Training Recipe for Few-Step Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.03746/) (2026)
- [TRACE-Bench: Decomposing and Diagnosing Multi-Reference Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.16765/) (2026)
- [Aphanta: Diagnosing Task-Aligned Image-Edited Intermediates for Multimodal Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.26993/) (2026)
- [Object-Aware Background-Controlled Editing via Weighted Velocity Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.06288/) (2026)
- [Beyond Visual Quality: Evaluating Physical Consistency under Ego-Motion with EgoGenEval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.11172/) (2026)
- [Do MLLM Judges Judge the Edit? Auditing Bias in Image Editing Evaluation with Verified Quality Preservation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01670/) (2026)
- [Scalable Minimal-Change Learning for Controllable Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06021/) (2026)
- [DuplexBridge: Coordinating Understanding and Generation for Unified Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.18819/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in image editing have enabled models to handle complex instructions with impressive realism. However, existing evaluation frameworks lag behind: current benchmarks suffer from narrow task coverage, while standard metrics fail to adequately capture visual consistency, i.e., the preservation of identity, structure and semantic coherence between edited and original images. To address these limitations, we introduce GEditBench v2, a comprehensive benchmark with 1,200 real-world user queries spanning 23 tasks, including a dedicated open-set category for unconstrained, out-of-distribution editing instructions beyond predefined tasks. Furthermore, we propose PVC-Judge, an open-source pairwise assessment model for visual consistency, trained via two novel region-decoupled preference data synthesis pipelines. Besides, we construct VCReward-Bench using expert-annotated preference pairs to assess the alignment of PVC-Judge with human judgments on visual consistency evaluation. Experiments show that our PVC-Judge achieves state-of-the-art evaluation performance among open-source models and even surpasses GPT-5.1 on average. Finally, by benchmarking 16 frontier editing models, we show that GEditBench v2 enables more human-aligned evaluation, revealing critical limitations of current models, and providing a reliable foundation for advancing precise image editing.