# On-Device Super Resolution Imaging Using Low-Cost SPAD Array and Embedded Lightweight Deep Learning

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27018 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.27018/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 23 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Mar 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Real-Time Single Image and Video Super-Resolution Using an Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.05158/) (2016)
- [Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation: A Highly Efficient Perceptual Image Quality Index](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1308.3052/) (2013)
- [CFPNet: Improving Lightweight ToF Depth Completion via Cross-zone Feature Propagation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.04480/) (2024)
- [DEPTHOR: Depth Enhancement from a Practical Light-Weight dToF Sensor and RGB Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.01596/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This work presents a lightweight super-resolution (LiteSR) neural network for depth and intensity images acquired from a consumer-grade single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array with a 48x32 spatial resolution. The proposed framework reconstructs high-resolution (HR) images of size 256x256. Both synthetic and real datasets are used for performance evaluation. Extensive quantitative metrics demonstrate high reconstruction fidelity on synthetic datasets, while experiments on real indoor and outdoor measurements further confirm the robustness of the proposed approach. Moreover, the SPAD sensor is interfaced with an Arduino UNO Q microcontroller, which receives low-resolution (LR) depth and intensity images and feeds them into a compressed, pre-trained deep learning (DL) model, enabling real-time SR video streaming. In addition to the 256x256 setting, a range of target HR resolutions is evaluated to determine the maximum achievable upscaling resolution (512x512) with LiteSR, including scenarios with noise-corrupted LR inputs. The proposed LiteSR-embedded system co-design provides a scalable, cost-effective solution to enhance the spatial resolution of current consumer-grade SPAD arrays to meet HR imaging requirements.