# Which Workloads Belong in Orbit? A Workload-First Framework for Orbital Data Centers Using Semantic Abstraction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20317 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.20317/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
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- First posted on arXiv 19 Mar 2026.

## Abstract (arXiv)

Space-based compute is becoming plausible as launch costs fall and data-intensive AI workloads grow. This paper proposes a workload-centric framework for deciding which tasks belong in orbit versus terrestrial cloud, along with a phased adoption model tied to orbital data center maturity. We ground the framework with in-orbit semantic-reduction prototypes. An Earth-observation pipeline on Sentinel-2 imagery from Seattle and Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) achieves 99.7-99.99% payload reduction by converting raw imagery to compact semantic artifacts. A multi-pass stereo reconstruction prototype reduces ~306 MB to ~1.57 MB of derived 3D representations (99.49% reduction). These results support a workload-first view in which semantic abstraction, not raw compute scale, drives early workload suitability.