# Multi-Modal Character Localization and Extraction for Chinese Text Recognition

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13886 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.13886/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 32 of its 52 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 32)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.3555/) (2014)
- [An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Image-based Sequence Recognition and Its Application to Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1507.05717/) (2015)
- [TrOCR: Transformer-based Optical Character Recognition with Pre-trained Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.10282/) (2021)
- [Read Like Humans: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.06495/) (2021)
- [Scene Text Recognition with Permuted Autoregressive Sequence Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.06966/) (2022)
- [Towards Accurate Scene Text Recognition with Semantic Reasoning Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.12294/) (2020)
- [Show, Attend and Read: A Simple and Strong Baseline for Irregular Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.00751/) (2018)
- [SEED: Semantics Enhanced Encoder-Decoder Framework for Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.10977/) (2020)
- [Decoupled Attention Network for Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.10205/) (2019)
- [From Two to One: A New Scene Text Recognizer with Visual Language Modeling Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.09661/) (2021)
- [SVTR: Scene Text Recognition with a Single Visual Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.00159/) (2022)
- [RobustScanner: Dynamically Enhancing Positional Clues for Robust Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.07542/) (2020)
- [NRTR: A No-Recurrence Sequence-to-Sequence Model For Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.00926/) (2018)
- [MASTER: Multi-Aspect Non-local Network for Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.02562/) (2019)
- [On Recognizing Texts of Arbitrary Shapes with 2D Self-Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.04396/) (2019)
- [Benchmarking Chinese Text Recognition: Datasets, Baselines, and an Empirical Study](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.15093/) (2021)
- [Toward Understanding WordArt: Corner-Guided Transformer for Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.00438/) (2022)
- [Revisiting Scene Text Recognition: A Data Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.08723/) (2023)
- [Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Detector](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.14338/) (2023)
- [PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.04145/) (2021)
- [CDistNet: Perceiving Multi-Domain Character Distance for Robust Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.11011/) (2021)
- [Multi-modal Text Recognition Networks: Interactive Enhancements between Visual and Semantic Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.15263/) (2021)
- [Chinese Text Recognition with A Pre-Trained CLIP-Like Model Through Image-IDS Aligning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.01083/) (2023)
- [Joint Visual Semantic Reasoning: Multi-Stage Decoder for Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.12090/) (2021)
- [Levenshtein OCR](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.03594/) (2022)
- [Context Perception Parallel Decoder for Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.12270/) (2023)
- [Linguistic More: Taking a Further Step toward Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.05140/) (2023)
- [Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Text by Segmentation: A Segment-annotation-free Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.14801/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Scene text recognition (STR) methods have demonstrated their excellent capability in English text images. However, due to the complex inner structures of Chinese and the extensive character categories, it poses challenges for recognizing Chinese text in images. Recently, studies have shown that the methods designed for English text recognition encounter an accuracy bottleneck when recognizing Chinese text images. This raises the question: Is it appropriate to apply the model developed for English to the Chinese STR task? To explore this issue, we propose a novel method named LER, which explicitly decouples each character and independently recognizes characters while taking into account the complex inner structures of Chinese. LER consists of three modules: Localization, Extraction, and Recognition. Firstly, the localization module utilizes multimodal information to determine the character's position precisely. Then, the extraction module dissociates all characters in parallel. Finally, the recognition module considers the unique inner structures of Chinese to provide the text prediction results. Extensive experiments conducted on large-scale Chinese benchmarks indicate that our method significantly outperforms existing methods. Furthermore, extensive experiments conducted on six English benchmarks and the Union14M benchmark show impressive results in English text recognition by LER. Code is available at https://github.com/Pandarenlql/LER.