# RetimeGS: Continuous-Time Reconstruction of 4D Gaussian Splatting

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13783 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.13783/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 45 of its 50 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 45)

- [PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.01703/) (2019)
- [The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.03924/) (2018)
- [3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04079/) (2023)
- [Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.20314/) (2025)
- [VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.11651/) (2025)
- [4D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.08528/) (2023)
- [Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.13101/) (2023)
- [Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.09713/) (2023)
- [Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16493/) (2023)
- [CoTracker: It is Better to Track Together](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.07635/) (2023)
- [Real-time Photorealistic Dynamic Scene Representation and Rendering with 4D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.10642/) (2023)
- [SC-GS: Sparse-Controlled Gaussian Splatting for Editable Dynamic Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.14937/) (2023)
- [Spacetime Gaussian Feature Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.16812/) (2023)
- [gsplat: An Open-Source Library for Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.06765/) (2024)
- [Shape of Motion: 4D Reconstruction from a Single Video](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.13764/) (2024)
- [3D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.09591/) (2024)
- [4D-Rotor Gaussian Splatting: Towards Efficient Novel View Synthesis for Dynamic Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.03307/) (2024)
- [MoSca: Dynamic Gaussian Fusion from Casual Videos via 4D Motion Scaffolds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.17421/) (2024)
- [SEA-RAFT: Simple, Efficient, Accurate RAFT for Optical Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.14793/) (2024)
- [FILM: Frame Interpolation for Large Motion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.04901/) (2022)
- [L4GM: Large 4D Gaussian Reconstruction Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.10324/) (2024)
- [3D Geometry-aware Deformable Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.06270/) (2024)
- [Per-Gaussian Embedding-Based Deformation for Deformable 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.03613/) (2024)
- [DNA-Rendering: A Diverse Neural Actor Repository for High-Fidelity Human-centric Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.10173/) (2023)
- [Motion-aware 3D Gaussian Splatting for Efficient Dynamic Scene Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.11447/) (2024)
- [GaussianFlow: Splatting Gaussian Dynamics for 4D Content Creation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.12365/) (2024)
- [GauFRe: Gaussian Deformation Fields for Real-time Dynamic Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.11458/) (2023)
- [Fully Explicit Dynamic Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.15629/) (2024)
- [MotionGS: Exploring Explicit Motion Guidance for Deformable 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.07707/) (2024)
- [Representing Long Volumetric Video with Temporal Gaussian Hierarchy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.09608/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Temporal retiming, the ability to reconstruct and render dynamic scenes at arbitrary timestamps, is crucial for applications such as slow-motion playback, temporal editing, and post-production. However, most existing 4D Gaussian Splatting (4DGS) methods overfit at discrete frame indices but struggle to represent continuous-time frames, leading to ghosting artifacts when interpolating between timestamps. We identify this limitation as a form of temporal aliasing and propose RetimeGS, a simple yet effective 4DGS representation that explicitly defines the temporal behavior of the 3D Gaussian and mitigates temporal aliasing. To achieve smooth and consistent interpolation, we incorporate optical flow-guided initialization and supervision, triple-rendering supervision, and other targeted strategies. Together, these components enable ghost-free, temporally coherent rendering even under large motions. Experiments on datasets featuring fast motion, non-rigid deformation, and severe occlusions demonstrate that RetimeGS achieves superior quality and coherence over state-of-the-art methods.