# AdaBox: Adaptive Density-Based Box Clustering with Parameter Generalization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13339 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.13339/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 0 of its 21 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Mar 2026.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [AdaGraph: A Graph-Native Clustering Algorithm That Overcomes the Curse of Dimensionality and Enables Scientific Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.16320/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Density-based clustering algorithms like DBSCAN and HDBSCAN are foundational tools for discovering arbitrarily shaped clusters, yet their practical utility is undermined by acute hyperparameter sensitivity -- parameters tuned on one dataset frequently fail to transfer to others, requiring expensive re-optimization for each deployment. We introduce AdaBox (Adaptive Density-Based Box Clustering), a grid-based density clustering algorithm designed for robustness across diverse data geometries. AdaBox features a six-parameter design where parameters capture cluster structure rather than pairwise point relationships. Four parameters are inherently scale-invariant, one self-corrects for sampling bias, and one is adjusted via a density scaling stage, enabling reliable parameter transfer across 30-200x scale factors. AdaBox processes data through five stages: adaptive grid construction, liberal seed initialization, iterative growth with graduation, statistical cluster merging, and Gaussian boundary refinement. Comprehensive evaluation across 111 datasets demonstrates three key findings: (1) AdaBox significantly outperforms DBSCAN and HDBSCAN across five evaluation metrics, achieving the best score on 78% of datasets with p < 0.05; (2) AdaBox uniquely exhibits parameter generalization. Protocol A (direct transfer to 30-100x larger datasets) shows AdaBox maintains performance while baselines collapse. (3) Ablation studies confirm the necessity of all five architectural stages for maintaining robustness.