# VQQA: An Agentic Approach for Video Evaluation and Quality Improvement

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12310 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.12310/

## Key facts

- Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 49 of its 77 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 12 Mar 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Multimodal and embodied agents](https://mlsanity.com/agents/multimodal-and-embodied-agents/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 49)

- [Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18290/) (2023)
- [Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.09748/) (2022)
- [GPT-4o System Card](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.21276/) (2024)
- [BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.12086/) (2022)
- [Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11366/) (2023)
- [Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.06261/) (2025)
- [Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.17651/) (2023)
- [Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.10601/) (2023)
- [Improved Techniques for Training GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.03498/) (2016)
- [Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.20314/) (2025)
- [Learning to summarize from human feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.01325/) (2020)
- [CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08718/) (2021)
- [CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.06072/) (2024)
- [VBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Video Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.17982/) (2023)
- [Align your Latents: High-Resolution Video Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.08818/) (2023)
- [Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.08608/) (2017)
- [Towards Accurate Generative Models of Video: A New Metric & Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.01717/) (2018)
- [Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.01910/) (2022)
- [OpenAI GPT-5 System Card](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.03267/) (2025)
- [LTX-Video: Realtime Video Latent Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.00103/) (2024)
- [Evaluating Text-to-Visual Generation with Image-to-Text Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.01291/) (2024)
- [EvalCrafter: Benchmarking and Evaluating Large Video Generation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.11440/) (2023)
- [Chain-of-Verification Reduces Hallucination in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.11495/) (2023)
- [VBench-2.0: Advancing Video Generation Benchmark Suite for Intrinsic Faithfulness](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.21755/) (2025)
- [TextGrad: Automatic "Differentiation" via Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.07496/) (2024)
- [Optimizing Prompts for Text-to-Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.09611/) (2022)
- [T2V-CompBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Compositional Text-to-video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.14505/) (2024)
- [Towards World Simulator: Crafting Physical Commonsense-Based Benchmark for Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.05363/) (2024)
- [GenArtist: Multimodal LLM as an Agent for Unified Image Generation and Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05600/) (2024)
- [FETV: A Benchmark for Fine-Grained Evaluation of Open-Domain Text-to-Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.01813/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [VideoWeaver: Evaluating and Evolving Skills for Agentic Long Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.08091/) (2026)
- [A2RD: Agentic Autoregressive Diffusion for Long Video Consistency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.06924/) (2026)
- [WorldJen: An End-to-End Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Generative Video Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.03475/) (2026)
- [HarnessEval-W: Agentifying the Evaluation of Visual Worlds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.16859/) (2026)
- [Open Evaluation Agent: Efficient and Promptable Evaluation of Visual Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.09666/) (2026)
- [Agentic Visual Generation: From Generative Models to Agentic Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.06758/) (2026)
- [Long-CODE: Isolating Pure Long-Context as an Orthogonal Dimension in Video Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.17428/) (2026)
- [Test-Time Scaling for Video Diffusion Models via Diagnosis-Guided Candidate Recycling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.29322/) (2026)
- [AgenticGen: Reward-Guided Agentic Video Generation for Advertising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.09187/) (2026)
- [SkillPE: Creativity-Oriented Cinematic Skill Evolution for Text-to-Video Prompt Engineering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.34335/) (2026)
- [Ego2Act: Evaluating Goal-Directed Manipulation in Egocentric Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01092/) (2026)
- [PreCoG: Preview-Edit for Efficient Video Correction in Generation-Time](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.13174/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Despite rapid advancements in video generation models, aligning their outputs with complex user intent remains challenging. Existing test-time optimization methods are typically either computationally expensive or require white-box access to model internals. To address this, we present VQQA (Video Quality Question Answering), a unified, multi-agent framework generalizable across diverse input modalities and video generation tasks. By dynamically generating visual questions and using the resulting Vision-Language Model (VLM) critiques as semantic gradients, VQQA replaces traditional, passive evaluation metrics with human-interpretable, actionable feedback. This enables a highly efficient, closed-loop prompt optimization process via a black-box natural language interface. Extensive experiments demonstrate that VQQA effectively isolates and resolves visual artifacts, substantially improving generation quality in just a few refinement steps. Applicable to both text-to-video (T2V) and image-to-video (I2V) tasks, our method achieves absolute improvements of +11.57% on T2V-CompBench and +8.43% on VBench2 over vanilla generation, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art stochastic search and prompt optimization techniques.