# Samyama: A Unified Graph-Vector Database with In-Database Optimization, Agentic Enrichment, and Hardware Acceleration

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08036 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.08036/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 9 Mar 2026.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Knowledge Graphs as the Missing Data Layer for LLM-Based Industrial Asset Operations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.26874/) (2026)
- [Open Biomedical Knowledge Graphs at Scale: Construction, Federation, and AI Agent Access with Samyama Graph Database](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.15080/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Modern data architectures fragment across graph databases, vector stores, analytics engines and optimization solvers, forcing ETL between them. We present Samyama, a graph-vector database in Rust that unifies these workloads in one engine: a RocksDB-backed store with MVCC, a vectorized executor, a cost-based planner, a CSR analytics engine, RDF and SPARQL, 22 metaheuristic solvers callable from the query language, HNSW vector indexing, and agentic enrichment that expands a graph via LLMs. It has been run to billion-edge scale: 74.3M nodes and 1.07B edges from four biomedical sources on one machine for 2.50 of spot compute. This version re-measures the system at release v1.8.0 on rented Linux hosts a reader can boot, replacing earlier figures taken on a Mac Mini that nobody could re-run. On a 16-vCPU cloud instance, ingestion reaches 123K-152K nodes/s and PageRank costs 6.7 ms per iteration at ten thousand nodes and 236 ms at a million. The previously reported 8.2x GPU speedup is withdrawn; in its place we measure the CUDA path, which no earlier version measured at all, on a rented NVIDIA A16: parity with the CPU at ten thousand nodes, 1.62x at a hundred thousand and 2.70x at a million, with 1.1-1.35 s of context initialisation on the first call. The earlier Cypher-throughput figure, its claim of near-constant index-driven scaling, and a vector-search figure are withdrawn as unreproducible. openCypher conformance, once estimated at ~90%, is now measured at 99.9% of evaluated TCK scenarios. Against Neo4j 5 and FalkorDB on one host over an identical SF10 extract, 14 of 14 SNB complex reads land within 5x of the best competitor and 7 of 14 are faster.