# Active View Selection with Perturbed Gaussian Ensemble for Tomographic Reconstruction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06852 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.06852/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 64 of its 87 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Mar 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 64)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.01703/) (2019)
- [3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04079/) (2023)
- [MUSIQ: Multi-scale Image Quality Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.05997/) (2021)
- [MANIQA: Multi-dimension Attention Network for No-Reference Image Quality Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.08958/) (2022)
- [Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Inverse Problems in Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.03679/) (2016)
- [FSGS: Real-Time Few-shot View Synthesis using Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00451/) (2023)
- [DNGaussian: Optimizing Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Radiance Fields with Global-Local Depth Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.06912/) (2024)
- [Learned Primal-dual Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.06474/) (2017)
- [TOPIQ: A Top-down Approach from Semantics to Distortions for Image Quality Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.03060/) (2023)
- [Mnemonics Training: Multi-Class Incremental Learning without Forgetting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.10211/) (2020)
- [Adaptive Aggregation Networks for Class-Incremental Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.05063/) (2020)
- [NeRP: Implicit Neural Representation Learning with Prior Embedding for Sparsely Sampled Image Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.10991/) (2021)
- [Solving 3D Inverse Problems using Pre-trained 2D Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.10655/) (2022)
- [ActiveNeRF: Learning where to See with Uncertainty Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.08546/) (2022)
- [CoR-GS: Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Splatting via Co-Regularization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.12110/) (2024)
- [NAF: Neural Attenuation Fields for Sparse-View CBCT Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.14540/) (2022)
- [Bayes' Rays: Uncertainty Quantification for Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.03185/) (2023)
- [X2CT-GAN: Reconstructing CT from Biplanar X-Rays with Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.06902/) (2019)
- [DOLCE: A Model-Based Probabilistic Diffusion Framework for Limited-Angle CT Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.12340/) (2022)
- [Structure-Aware Sparse-View X-ray 3D Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.10959/) (2023)
- [R2-Gaussian: Rectifying Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Tomographic Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.20693/) (2024)
- [RMM: Reinforced Memory Management for Class-Incremental Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.05792/) (2023)
- [Density-aware NeRF Ensembles: Quantifying Predictive Uncertainty in Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.08718/) (2022)
- [Continual Detection Transformer for Incremental Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03110/) (2023)
- [Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient X-ray Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.04116/) (2024)
- [NeurAR: Neural Uncertainty for Autonomous 3D Reconstruction with Implicit Neural Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.10985/) (2022)
- [NeU-NBV: Next Best View Planning Using Uncertainty Estimation in Image-Based Neural Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.01284/) (2023)
- [Improving 3D Imaging with Pre-Trained Perpendicular 2D Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08440/) (2023)
- [Class-Incremental Exemplar Compression for Class-Incremental Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.14042/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [When Variance Is Not an Error Map: Calibrated Uncertainty for Radiative Gaussian Splatting in Sparse-View CT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.13682/) (2026)
- [RePrior: Measurement-Reconciled Prior Correction for Sparse-View CBCT Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.14102/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) is critical for reducing radiation exposure to patients. Recent advances in radiative 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have enabled fast and accurate sparse-view CT reconstruction. Despite these algorithmic advancements, practical reconstruction fidelity remains fundamentally bounded by the quality of the captured data, raising the crucial yet underexplored problem of X-ray active view selection. Existing active view selection methods are primarily designed for natural-light scenes and fail to capture the unique geometric ambiguities and physical attenuation properties inherent in X-ray imaging. In this paper, we present Perturbed Gaussian Ensemble, an active view selection framework that integrates uncertainty modeling with sequential decision-making, tailored for X-ray Gaussian Splatting. Specifically, we identify low-density Gaussian primitives that are likely to be uncertain and apply stochastic density scaling to construct an ensemble of plausible Gaussian density fields. For each candidate projection, we measure the structural variance of the ensemble predictions and select the one with the highest variance as the next best view. Extensive experimental results on arbitrary-trajectory CT benchmarks demonstrate that our density-guided perturbation strategy effectively eliminates geometric artifacts and consistently outperforms existing baselines in progressive tomographic reconstruction under unified view selection protocols.