# Perfect score on IPhO 2025 theory by Gemini agent

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03352 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.03352/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 18 of its 23 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Feb 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.03629/) (2022)
- [Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11171/) (2022)
- [Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.06261/) (2025)
- [GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.12022/) (2023)
- [Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debate](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.14325/) (2023)
- [ViperGPT: Visual Inference via Python Execution for Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08128/) (2023)
- [ProcessBench: Identifying Process Errors in Mathematical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.06559/) (2024)
- [Seed-Prover: Deep and Broad Reasoning for Automated Theorem Proving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.23726/) (2025)
- [Winning Gold at IMO 2025 with a Model-Agnostic Verification-and-Refinement Pipeline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.15855/) (2025)
- [Towards Robust Mathematical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.01846/) (2025)
- [Accelerating Scientific Research with Gemini: Case Studies and Common Techniques](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.03837/) (2026)
- [Probing the Critical Point (CritPt) of AI Reasoning: a Frontier Physics Research Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.26574/) (2025)
- [HiPhO: How Far Are (M)LLMs from Humans in the Latest High School Physics Olympiad Benchmark?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.07894/) (2025)
- [Scaling Test-Time Compute to Achieve IOI Gold Medal with Open-Weight Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.14232/) (2025)
- [P1: Mastering Physics Olympiads with Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.13612/) (2025)
- [PhysicsMinions: Winning Gold Medals in the Latest Physics Olympiads with a Coevolutionary Multimodal Multi-Agent System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.24855/) (2025)
- [P1-VL: Bridging Visual Perception and Scientific Reasoning in Physics Olympiads](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.09443/) (2026)
- [ChemLabs on ChemO: A Multi-Agent System for Multimodal Reasoning on IChO 2025](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.16205/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [General365: Benchmarking General Reasoning in Large Language Models Across Diverse and Challenging Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.11778/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) is the world's most prestigious and renowned physics competition for pre-university students. IPhO problems require complex reasoning based on deep understanding of physical principles in a standard general physics curriculum. On IPhO 2025 theory problems, while gold medal performance by AI models was reported previously, it falls behind the best human contestant. Here we build a simple agent with Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview. We run it five times and it achieved a perfect score every time. However, data contamination could occur because Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview was released after the competition.