# DIG to Heal: Scaling General-purpose Agent Collaboration via Explainable Dynamic Decision Paths

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.00309 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00309/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 15 of its 30 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Feb 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks](https://mlsanity.com/agents/general-llm-agent-frameworks-and-benchmarks/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [Why Do Multi-Agent LLM Systems Fail?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.13657/) (2025)
- [AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.10848/) (2023)
- [Which Agent Causes Task Failures and When? On Automated Failure Attribution of LLM Multi-Agent Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.00212/) (2025)
- [Agent AI: Surveying the Horizons of Multimodal Interaction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.03568/) (2024)
- [LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems for Software Engineering: Literature Review, Vision and the Road Ahead](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.04834/) (2024)
- [Towards a Science of Scaling Agent Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.08296/) (2025)
- [Gradient Estimation Using Stochastic Computation Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.05254/) (2015)
- [AgenTracer: Who Is Inducing Failure in the LLM Agentic Systems?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.03312/) (2025)
- [Beyond Self-Talk: A Communication-Centric Survey of LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.14321/) (2025)
- [MegaAgent: A Large-Scale Autonomous LLM-based Multi-Agent System Without Predefined SOPs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.09955/) (2024)
- [When Agents go Astray: Course-Correcting SWE Agents with PRMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.02360/) (2025)
- [Aegis: Automated Error Generation and Attribution for Multi-Agent Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.14295/) (2025)
- [LLM-Powered Decentralized Generative Agents with Adaptive Hierarchical Knowledge Graph for Cooperative Planning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.05453/) (2025)
- [Stop Wasting Your Tokens: Towards Efficient Runtime Multi-Agent Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.26585/) (2025)
- [The Five Ws of Multi-Agent Communication: Who Talks to Whom, When, What, and Why -- A Survey from MARL to Emergent Language and LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.11583/) (2026)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Auditing Emergent LLM-Agent Collaboration through Cooperation-Obligation Coupling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.27429/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The increasingly popular agentic AI paradigm promises to harness the power of multiple, general-purpose large language model (LLM) agents to collaboratively complete complex tasks. While many agentic AI systems reduce complexity through predefined workflows or fixed agent roles, the ideal is to support truly autonomous agents capable of emergent collaboration across many interacting agents. Yet in practice, such unstructured interactions often lead to redundant work and cascading failures that are difficult to interpret or correct. In this work, we study multi-agent systems composed of general-purpose LLM agents that solve problems through emergent collaboration, without relying on predefined roles, control flows, or communication constraints. We introduce the Dynamic Interaction Graph (DIG), which captures emergent collaboration as a time-evolving causal network of agent activations and interactions. DIG makes emergent collaboration observable and explainable for the first time, enabling real-time identification, explanation, and correction of collaboration-induced error patterns directly from agents' collaboration paths. Thus, DIG fills a critical gap in understanding how general LLM agents solve problems together in truly agentic multi-agent systems. The project webpage can be found at: https://happyeureka.github.io/dig.