# Temporal Panel Selection in Ongoing Citizens' Assemblies

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16194 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.16194/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 19 of its 34 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 18 Feb 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [Proportionally Fair Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.03674/) (2019)
- [Justified Representation in Approval-Based Committee Voting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1407.8269/) (2014)
- [Temporal Fairness in Multiwinner Voting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.04417/) (2023)
- [Proportional Fairness in Clustering: A Social Choice Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.18162/) (2023)
- [Repeated Fair Allocation of Indivisible Items](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.01644/) (2023)
- [Online Approval Committee Elections](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.06830/) (2022)
- [Verifying Proportionality in Temporal Voting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.05949/) (2025)
- [Repeatedly Matching Items to Agents Fairly and Efficiently](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.01589/) (2022)
- [Proportionally Representative Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.13917/) (2023)
- [Neutralizing Self-Selection Bias in Sampling for Sortition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.10498/) (2020)
- [Almost Envy-free Repeated Matching in Two-sided Markets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.09336/) (2020)
- [Boosting Sortition via Proportional Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.00913/) (2024)
- [Resource Sharing Through Multi-Round Matchings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.17199/) (2022)
- [Proportional Representation in Metric Spaces and Low-Distortion Committee Selection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.10369/) (2023)
- [Temporal Hierarchical Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.09904/) (2017)
- [Federated Assemblies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.19129/) (2024)
- [Fair, Manipulation-Robust, and Transparent Sortition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.15009/) (2024)
- [Temporal Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.05964/) (2017)
- [Can a Few Decide for Many? The Metric Distortion of Sortition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.02400/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Permanent citizens' assemblies are ongoing deliberative bodies composed of randomly selected citizens, organized into panels that rotate over time. Unlike one-off panels, which represent the population in a single snapshot, permanent assemblies enable shifting participation across multiple rounds. This structure offers a powerful framework for ensuring that different groups of individuals are represented over time across successive panels. In particular, it allows smaller groups of individuals that may not warrant representation in every individual panel to be represented across a sequence of them. We formalize this temporal sortition framework by requiring proportional representation both within each individual panel and across the sequence of panels. Building on the work of Ebadian and Micha (2025), we consider a setting in which the population lies in a metric space, and the goal is to achieve both proportional representation, ensuring that every group of citizens receives adequate representation, and individual fairness, ensuring that each individual has an equal probability of being selected. We extend the notion of representation to a temporal setting by requiring that every initial segment of the panel sequence, viewed as a cumulative whole, proportionally reflects the structure of the population. We present algorithms that provide varying guarantees of proportional representation, both within individual panels and across any sequence of panels, while also maintaining individual fairness over time.