# How Smart Is Your GUI Agent? A Framework for the Future of Software Interaction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.11514 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.11514/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 Feb 2026.

## Abstract (arXiv)

GUI agents are rapidly becoming a new interaction to software, allowing people to navigate web, desktop and mobile rather than execute them click by click. Yet ``agent'' is described with radically different degrees of autonomy, obscuring capability, responsibility and risk. We call for conceptual clarity through GUI Agent Autonomy Levels (GAL), a six-level framework that makes autonomy explicit and helps benchmark progress toward trustworthy software interaction.