# From Sparse Sensors to Continuous Fields: STRIDE for Spatiotemporal Reconstruction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04201 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.04201/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 13 of its 33 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 4 Feb 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 13 of 13)

- [Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00752/) (2023)
- [Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.3555/) (2014)
- [FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.07871/) (2017)
- [Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.09661/) (2020)
- [Hyperband: A Novel Bandit-Based Approach to Hyperparameter Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.06560/) (2016)
- [Machine Learning for Fluid Mechanics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11075/) (2019)
- [SOAP: Improving and Stabilizing Shampoo using Adam](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.11321/) (2024)
- [Operator Learning with Neural Fields: Tackling PDEs on General Geometries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.07266/) (2023)
- [Physics-Guided Deep Learning for Dynamical Systems: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.01272/) (2021)
- [Latent-EnSF: A Latent Ensemble Score Filter for High-Dimensional Data Assimilation with Sparse Observation Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.00127/) (2024)
- [Continuous Field Reconstruction from Sparse Observations with Implicit Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.11611/) (2024)
- [Fourier Multi-Component and Multi-Layer Neural Networks: Unlocking High-Frequency Potential](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.18959/) (2025)
- [PySensors 2.0: A Python Package for Sparse Sensor Placement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.08017/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Toward AI-Driven Digital Twins for Metropolitan Floods: A Conditional Latent Dynamics Network Surrogate of the Shallow Water Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.13761/) (2026)
- [C-STRIDE: An Observation-Driven AI Digital Twin for Predicting Basin-Wide Flood Fields from Sparse Stream-Gauge Histories](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.39005/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Reconstructing high-dimensional spatiotemporal fields from sparse point-sensor measurements is a central challenge in learning parametric PDE dynamics. Existing approaches often struggle to generalize across trajectories and parameter settings, or rely on discretization-tied decoders that do not naturally transfer across meshes and resolutions. We propose STRIDE (Spatio-Temporal Recurrent Implicit DEcoder), a two-stage framework that maps a short window of sensor measurements to a latent state with a temporal encoder and reconstructs the field at arbitrary query locations with a modulated implicit neural representation (INR) decoder. Using the Fourier Multi-Component and Multi-Layer Neural Network (FMMNN) as the INR backbone improves representation of complex spatial fields and yields more stable optimization than sine-based INRs. We provide a conditional theoretical justification: under stable delay observability of point measurements on a low-dimensional parametric invariant set, the reconstruction operator factors through a finite-dimensional embedding, making STRIDE-type architectures natural approximators. Experiments on four challenging benchmarks spanning chaotic dynamics and wave propagation show that STRIDE outperforms strong baselines under extremely sparse sensing, supports super-resolution, and remains robust to noise.