# Avenir-Web: Human-Experience-Imitating Multimodal Web Agents with Mixture of Grounding Experts

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02468 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.02468/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models.
- Builds on 25 of its 42 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Feb 2026.

## Placed in

- Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models / [Embodied and 3D vision-language models](https://mlsanity.com/mllm/embodied-and-3d-vision-language-models/)
- LLM agents and tool use / [Web, search, and research agents](https://mlsanity.com/agents/web-search-and-research-agents/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 25 of 25)

- [Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.11903/) (2022)
- [Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11366/) (2023)
- [Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Web](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.06070/) (2023)
- [CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.08914/) (2023)
- [UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.12326/) (2025)
- [GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Grounded](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01614/) (2024)
- [Navigating the Digital World as Humans Do: Universal Visual Grounding for GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.05243/) (2024)
- [A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.12856/) (2023)
- [OmniParser for Pure Vision Based GUI Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00203/) (2024)
- [An Illusion of Progress? Assessing the Current State of Web Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.01382/) (2025)
- [Multimodal Web Navigation with Instruction-Finetuned Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.11854/) (2023)
- [GPT-4V in Wonderland: Large Multimodal Models for Zero-Shot Smartphone GUI Navigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.07562/) (2023)
- [WebPilot: A Versatile and Autonomous Multi-Agent System for Web Task Execution with Strategic Exploration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.15978/) (2024)
- [Learn-by-interact: A Data-Centric Framework for Self-Adaptive Agents in Realistic Environments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.10893/) (2025)
- [MAI-UI Technical Report: Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.22047/) (2025)
- [Agent-E: From Autonomous Web Navigation to Foundational Design Principles in Agentic Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.13032/) (2024)
- [From Pixels to UI Actions: Learning to Follow Instructions via Graphical User Interfaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.00245/) (2023)
- [ScaleCUA: Scaling Open-Source Computer Use Agents with Cross-Platform Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.15221/) (2025)
- [DiMo-GUI: Advancing Test-time Scaling in GUI Grounding via Modality-Aware Visual Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.00008/) (2025)
- [Symbiotic Cooperation for Web Agents: Harnessing Complementary Strengths of Large and Small LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.07942/) (2025)
- [Evolving in Tasks: Empowering the Multi-modality Large Language Model as the Computer Use Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04037/) (2025)
- [textscGUI-Spotlight: Adaptive Iterative Focus Refinement for Enhanced GUI Visual Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.04039/) (2025)
- [WebOperator: Action-Aware Tree Search for Autonomous Agents in Web Environment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.12692/) (2025)
- [ZonUI-3B: A Lightweight Vision-Language Model for Cross-Resolution GUI Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.23491/) (2025)
- [Chain-of-Ground: Improving GUI Grounding via Iterative Reasoning and Reference Feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.01979/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [MemEye: A Visual-Centric Evaluation Framework for Multimodal Agent Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.15128/) (2026)
- [Avenir-UX: Automated UX Evaluation via Simulated Human Web Interaction with GUI Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.09581/) (2026)
- [WebRider: Persona-Conditioned Intent Controllers for Live-Web Assistance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.06704/) (2026)
- [LocalLSTC: A Long Short-Term Control Architecture for Locally Deployed GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.25777/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Despite advances in multimodal large language models, autonomous web agents still struggle to reliably execute long-horizon tasks on complex and dynamic web interfaces. Existing agents often suffer from inaccurate element grounding, the absence of site-specific procedural knowledge, and unstable long-term task tracking and memory, particularly when operating over complex Document Object Model structures. To address these limitations, we introduce Avenir-Web, a web agent that achieves a new open-source state of the art on the Online-Mind2Web benchmark in real-world deployment. Avenir-Web leverages a Mixture of Grounding Experts, Experience-Imitation Planning for incorporating procedural priors, and a task-tracking checklist combined with adaptive memory to enable robust and seamless interaction across diverse user interface paradigms. We evaluate Avenir-Web on Online-Mind2Web, a rigorous benchmark of live and user-centered web tasks. Our results demonstrate that Avenir-Web significantly surpasses prior open-source agents and attains performance parity with top-tier proprietary models, thereby establishing a new open-source state of the art for reliable web agents on live websites.