# JSR-GFNet: Jamming-to-Signal Ratio-Aware Dynamic Gating for Interference Classification in future Cognitive Global Navigation Satellite Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00042 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.00042/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 58 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 19 Jan 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11946/) (2019)
- [Robust Beamforming Design for Near-Field DMA-NOMA mmWave Communications With Imperfect Position Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.15894/) (2024)
- [Movable Antenna-Aided Cooperative ISAC Network with Time Synchronization error and Imperfect CSI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.15410/) (2025)
- [Flexible WMMSE Beamforming for MU-MIMO Movable Antenna Communications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.17718/) (2025)
- [Distortion-Aware Hybrid Beamforming for Integrated Sensing and Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.14018/) (2025)
- [Robust Optimization for Movable Antenna-aided Cell-Free ISAC with Time Synchronization Errors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.13818/) (2025)
- [Crosstalk-Resilient Beamforming for Movable Antenna Enabled Integrated Sensing and Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.03273/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Sparse Gain Radio Map Reconstruction With Geometry Priors and Uncertainty-Guided Measurement Selection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.05788/) (2026)
- [Geometry-Aware Cross-Height Channel Knowledge Map Prediction for UAV-Assisted Communications With Uncertainty-Guided 3D Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.00887/) (2026)
- [QuaMoE-DRF: Proactive Beam and Rate Adaptation via Multimodal Dynamic Radio Map Forecasting in ISAC Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.00974/) (2026)
- [SPOC-Net: Single-Primitive Online Composition Network for GNSS Jamming Set Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.34875/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The transition toward cognitive global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers requires accurate interference classification to trigger adaptive mitigation strategies. However, conventional methods relying on Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) face two fundamental limitations: severe performance degradation in low Jamming-to-Signal Ratio (JSR) regimes due to noise obscuration, and ``feature degeneracy'' caused by the loss of phase information in magnitude-only spectrograms. Consequently, spectrally similar signals -- such as high-order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation versus Band-Limited Gaussian Noise -- become indistinguishable. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes the JSR-Guided Fusion Network (JSR-GFNet). This multi-modal architecture combines phase-sensitive complex In-Phase/Quadrature (IQ) samples with Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) spectrograms. Central to this framework is a physics-inspired dynamic gating mechanism driven by statistical signal descriptors. Acting as a conditional controller, it autonomously estimates signal reliability to dynamically reweight the contributions of a Complex-Valued ResNet (IQ stream) and an EfficientNet backbone (STFT stream). To validate the model, we introduce the Comprehensive GNSS Interference (CGI-21) dataset, simulating 21 jamming categories including software-defined waveforms from aerial platforms. Extensive experiments demonstrate that JSR-GFNet achieves higher accuracy across the full 10--50 dB JSR spectrum. Notably, interpretability analysis confirms that the model learns a physically intuitive strategy: prioritizing spectral energy integration in noise-limited regimes while shifting focus to phase precision in high-SNR scenarios to resolve modulation ambiguities. This framework provides a robust solution for next-generation aerospace navigation security.