# Liquid Interfaces: A Dynamic Ontology for the Interoperability of Autonomous Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21993 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.21993/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 25 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Jan 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.04761/) (2023)
- [Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.03172/) (2023)
- [Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.10601/) (2023)
- [Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.05221/) (2022)
- [On the Fundamental Limits of LLMs at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.12869/) (2025)
- [Self-Organizing Agent Network for LLM-based Workflow Automation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.13732/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Contemporary software architectures struggle to support autonomous agents whose reasoning is adaptive, probabilistic, and context-dependent, while system integration remains dominated by static interfaces and deterministic contracts. This paper introduces Liquid Interfaces, a coordination paradigm in which interfaces are not persistent technical artifacts, but ephemeral relational events that emerge through intention articulation and semantic negotiation at runtime.We formalize this model and present the Liquid Interface Protocol (LIP),which governs intention-driven interaction, negotiated execution, and enforce ephemerality under semantic uncertainty. We further discuss the governance implications of this approach and describe a reference architecture that demonstrates practical feasibility. Liquid Interfaces provide a principled foundation for adaptive coordination in agent-based systems