# Breaking the Reasoning Horizon in Entity Alignment Foundation Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21174 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.21174/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 19 of its 30 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Jan 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08302/) (2023)
- [A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition and Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.00388/) (2020)
- [Neural Bellman-Ford Networks: A General Graph Neural Network Framework for Link Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.06935/) (2021)
- [Multilingual Knowledge Graph Embeddings for Cross-lingual Knowledge Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.03954/) (2016)
- [Cross-lingual Entity Alignment via Joint Attribute-Preserving Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.05045/) (2017)
- [A Benchmarking Study of Embedding-based Entity Alignment for Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.07743/) (2020)
- [Knowledge Graph Alignment Network with Gated Multi-hop Neighborhood Aggregation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.08936/) (2019)
- [Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Relational Digraph](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.06040/) (2021)
- [Towards Foundation Models for Knowledge Graph Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.04562/) (2023)
- [Learning to Exploit Long-term Relational Dependencies in Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.04914/) (2019)
- [Relational Reflection Entity Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.07962/) (2020)
- [Boosting the Speed of Entity Alignment 10*: Dual Attention Matching Network with Normalized Hard Sample Mining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15452/) (2021)
- [A Benchmark and Comprehensive Survey on Knowledge Graph Entity Alignment via Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15059/) (2021)
- [A Prompt-Based Knowledge Graph Foundation Model for Universal In-Context Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.12288/) (2024)
- [TRIX: A More Expressive Model for Zero-shot Domain Transfer in Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.19512/) (2025)
- [How Expressive are Knowledge Graph Foundation Models?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.13339/) (2025)
- [Informed Multi-context Entity Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.00304/) (2022)
- [Facing Changes: Continual Entity Alignment for Growing Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.11436/) (2022)
- [Joint Pre-training and Local Re-training: Transferable Representation Learning on Multi-source Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.02679/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Harnessing Structural Context for Entity Alignment Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.06109/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Entity alignment (EA) is critical for knowledge graph (KG) fusion. Existing EA models lack transferability and are incapable of aligning unseen KGs without retraining. While using graph foundation models (GFMs) offer a solution, we find that directly adapting GFMs to EA remains largely ineffective. This stems from a critical "reasoning horizon gap": unlike link prediction in GFMs, EA necessitates capturing long-range dependencies across sparse and heterogeneous KG structuresTo address this challenge, we propose a EA foundation model driven by a parallel encoding strategy. We utilize seed EA pairs as local anchors to guide the information flow, initializing and encoding two parallel streams simultaneously. This facilitates anchor-conditioned message passing and significantly shortens the inference trajectory by leveraging local structural proximity instead of global search. Additionally, we incorporate a merged relation graph to model global dependencies and a learnable interaction module for precise matching. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our framework, highlighting its strong generalizability to unseen KGs.