# Reinforcement Learning for Dividend Optimization in Partially Observed Regime-Switching Diffusion Model

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20387 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.20387/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Adversarial robustness and RL in finance, one of 15 directions in Deep reinforcement learning methods.
- Builds on 8 of its 44 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Jan 2026.

## Placed in

- Deep reinforcement learning methods / [Adversarial robustness and RL in finance](https://mlsanity.com/deeprl/adversarial-robustness-and-rl-in-finance/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Optimization Methods for Large-Scale Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.04838/) (2016)
- [Recent Advances in Reinforcement Learning in Finance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.04553/) (2021)
- [Policy Gradient and Actor-Critic Learning in Continuous Time and Space: Theory and Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.11232/) (2021)
- [q-Learning in Continuous Time](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.00713/) (2022)
- [Policy Evaluation and Temporal-Difference Learning in Continuous Time and Space: A Martingale Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.06655/) (2021)
- [Entropy Regularization for Mean Field Games with Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.00145/) (2020)
- [Reinforcement Learning for optimal dividend problem under diffusion model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.10242/) (2023)
- [De Finetti's Control for Refracted Skew Brownian Motion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.11471/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper studies the optimal dividend problem with a bounded payout rate in a partially observed regime-switching diffusion model, where, in practice, the market regime is unobserved and key model parameters are unknown. To address this partial-information setting, we propose a continuous-time reinforcement learning (RL) approach within an exploratory (entropy-regularized) stochastic control framework for discounted dividends under regime switching. The associated exploratory Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) system admits semi-analytical characterizations of the value function and the optimal exploratory dividend policy, determined by two unknown functions solving two ordinary differential equations (ODEs) together with positive real roots of the induced quadratic equations. Exploiting this structure, we introduce parametric families for both the value function and the policy, using low-degree polynomial approximations to the ODE solutions. We then develop an actor-critic RL algorithm to learn the optimal exploratory policy through interactions with the market environment: it performs belief-state filtering from observed data and iterates policy evaluation and policy improvement online to refine the policy. Numerical experiments demonstrate strong out-of-sample performance of the learned dividend policies.