# MAGNET: Towards Adaptive GUI Agents with Memory-Driven Knowledge Evolution

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19199 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.19199/

## Key facts

- Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 29 of its 43 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [GUI and mobile agents](https://mlsanity.com/agents/gui-and-mobile-agents/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 29 of 29)

- [Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03442/) (2023)
- [MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.08560/) (2023)
- [Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Web](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.06070/) (2023)
- [A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.12110/) (2025)
- [Visual ChatGPT: Talking, Drawing and Editing with Visual Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.04671/) (2023)
- [SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.10935/) (2024)
- [GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Grounded](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01614/) (2024)
- [MM-REACT: Prompting ChatGPT for Multimodal Reasoning and Action](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11381/) (2023)
- [AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.14573/) (2024)
- [AppAgent: Multimodal Agents as Smartphone Users](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.13771/) (2023)
- [Mobile-Agent: Autonomous Multi-Modal Mobile Device Agent with Visual Perception](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.16158/) (2024)
- [Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interaction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.04454/) (2024)
- [GUI-R1 : A Generalist R1-Style Vision-Language Action Model For GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.10458/) (2025)
- [VideoAgent: A Memory-augmented Multimodal Agent for Video Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.11481/) (2024)
- [OS-Copilot: Towards Generalist Computer Agents with Self-Improvement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.07456/) (2024)
- [GUIOdyssey: A Comprehensive Dataset for Cross-App GUI Navigation on Mobile Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.08451/) (2024)
- [Android in the Zoo: Chain-of-Action-Thought for GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.02713/) (2024)
- [InfiGUI-R1: Advancing Multimodal GUI Agents from Reactive Actors to Deliberative Reasoners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.14239/) (2025)
- [GenArtist: Multimodal LLM as an Agent for Unified Image Generation and Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05600/) (2024)
- [Mobile-Agent-E: Self-Evolving Mobile Assistant for Complex Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.11733/) (2025)
- [AMEX: Android Multi-annotation Expo Dataset for Mobile GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.17490/) (2024)
- [Small LLMs Are Weak Tool Learners: A Multi-LLM Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.07324/) (2024)
- [Buffer of Thoughts: Thought-Augmented Reasoning with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.04271/) (2024)
- [AppAgent v2: Advanced Agent for Flexible Mobile Interactions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.11824/) (2024)
- [OS Agents: A Survey on MLLM-based Agents for General Computing Devices Use](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04482/) (2025)
- [Symbolic Working Memory Enhances Language Models for Complex Rule Application](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.13654/) (2024)
- [GUI-Robust: A Comprehensive Dataset for Testing GUI Agent Robustness in Real-World Anomalies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.14477/) (2025)
- [Optimus-3: Dual-Router Aligned Mixture-of-Experts Agent with Dual-Granularity Reasoning-Aware Policy Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.10357/) (2025)
- [Chain-of-Memory: Enhancing GUI Agents for Cross-Application Navigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.18158/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [StructAgent: Harness Long-horizon Digital Agents with Unified Causal Structure](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.11388/) (2026)
- [Executable Agentic Memory for GUI Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.12294/) (2026)
- [What Memory Do GUI Agents Really Need? From Passive Records to Active Task-Driving States](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.31612/) (2026)
- [GUI Agents with Reinforcement Learning: Toward Digital Inhabitants](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.27955/) (2026)
- [Securing Computer-Use Agents: A Unified Architecture-Lifecycle Framework for Deployment-Grounded Reliability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.07110/) (2026)
- [Success Leaves Detours: Learning Executable Walkthroughs for Long-Horizon Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.22120/) (2026)
- [One Rollout Is All You Get: Fully Test-Time Adaptation for GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.34321/) (2026)
- [Not All Experience Belongs in the Weights: Component Routing for Self-Improving GUI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01787/) (2026)
- [EvolvAttack: Backdooring self Evolving VLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.15244/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Mobile GUI agents powered by large foundation models enable autonomous task execution, but frequent updates altering UI appearance and reorganizing workflows cause agents trained on historical data to fail. Despite surface changes, functional semantics and task intents remain fundamentally stable. Building on this insight, we introduce MAGNET, a memory-driven adaptive agent framework with dual-level memory: stationary memory linking diverse visual features to stable functional semantics for robust action grounding and procedural memory capturing stable task intents across varying workflows. We propose a dynamic memory evolution mechanism that continuously refines both memories by prioritizing frequently accessed knowledge. Online benchmark AndroidWorld evaluations show substantial improvements over baselines, while offline benchmarks confirm consistent gains under distribution shifts. These results validate that leveraging stable structures across interface changes improves agent performance and generalization in evolving software environments.