# E2PL: Effective and Efficient Prompt Learning for Incomplete Multi-view Multi-Label Class Incremental Learning

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17076 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.17076/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 33 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Jan 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08691/) (2021)
- [Multimodal Prompting with Missing Modalities for Visual Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.03369/) (2023)
- [Imbalanced Continual Learning with Partitioning Reservoir Sampling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.03632/) (2020)
- [Modular and Parameter-Efficient Multimodal Fusion with Prompting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.08055/) (2022)
- [Retrieval-Augmented Dynamic Prompt Tuning for Incomplete Multimodal Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.01120/) (2025)
- [DICNet: Deep Instance-Level Contrastive Network for Double Incomplete Multi-View Multi-Label Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08358/) (2023)
- [Masked Two-channel Decoupling Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Weak Multi-label Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.17340/) (2024)
- [Example Mining for Incremental Learning in Medical Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.08942/) (2018)
- [EPE-P: Evidence-based Parameter-efficient Prompting for Multimodal Learning with Missing Modalities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.17677/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Multi-view multi-label classification (MvMLC) is indispensable for modern web applications aggregating information from diverse sources. However, real-world web-scale settings are rife with missing views and continuously emerging classes, which pose significant obstacles to robust learning. Prevailing methods are ill-equipped for this reality, as they either lack adaptability to new classes or incur exponential parameter growth when handling all possible missing-view patterns, severely limiting their scalability in web environments. To systematically address this gap, we formally introduce a novel task, termed incomplete multi-view multi-label class incremental learning (IMvMLCIL), which requires models to simultaneously address heterogeneous missing views and dynamic class expansion. To tackle this task, we propose textsfE2PL, an Effective and Efficient Prompt Learning framework for IMvMLCIL. textsfE2PL unifies two novel prompt designs: task-tailored prompts for class-incremental adaptation and missing-aware prompts for the flexible integration of arbitrary view-missing scenarios. To fundamentally address the exponential parameter explosion inherent in missing-aware prompts, we devise an efficient prototype tensorization module, which leverages atomic tensor decomposition to elegantly reduce the prompt parameter complexity from exponential to linear w.r.t. the number of views. We further incorporate a dynamic contrastive learning strategy explicitly model the complex dependencies among diverse missing-view patterns, thus enhancing the model's robustness. Extensive experiments on three benchmarks demonstrate that textsfE2PL consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both effectiveness and efficiency. The codes and datasets are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/code-for-E2PL.