# Intelligent Power Grid Design Review via Active Perception-Enabled Multimodal Large Language Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14261 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.14261/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Chart understanding and anomaly detection, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models.
- Builds on 14 of its 23 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Nov 2025.

## Placed in

- Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models / [Chart understanding and anomaly detection](https://mlsanity.com/mllm/chart-understanding-and-anomaly-detection/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [GPT-4 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08774/) (2023)
- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [Visual Instruction Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.08485/) (2023)
- [Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.03144/) (2016)
- [InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.06500/) (2023)
- [Revisiting Active Perception](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.02729/) (2016)
- [CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.04954/) (2024)
- [A Dataset for Developing and Benchmarking Active Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.08272/) (2017)
- [Deep Reinforcement Learning in Computer Vision: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.11510/) (2021)
- [ACTIVE-o3: Empowering MLLMs with Active Perception via Pure Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.21457/) (2025)
- [Transformers in Small Object Detection: A Benchmark and Survey of State-of-the-Art](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.04902/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The intelligent review of power grid engineering design drawings is crucial for power system safety. However, current automated systems struggle with ultra-high-resolution drawings due to high computational demands, information loss, and a lack of holistic semantic understanding for design error identification. This paper proposes a novel three-stage framework for intelligent power grid drawing review, driven by pre-trained Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) through advanced prompt engineering. Mimicking the human expert review process, the first stage leverages an MLLM for global semantic understanding to intelligently propose domain-specific semantic regions from a low-resolution overview. The second stage then performs high-resolution, fine-grained recognition within these proposed regions, acquiring detailed information with associated confidence scores. In the final stage, a comprehensive decision-making module integrates these confidence-aware results to accurately diagnose design errors and provide a reliability assessment. Preliminary results on real-world power grid drawings demonstrate our approach significantly enhances MLLM's ability to grasp macroscopic semantic information and pinpoint design errors, showing improved defect discovery accuracy and greater reliability in review judgments compared to traditional passive MLLM inference. This research offers a novel, prompt-driven paradigm for intelligent and reliable power grid drawing review.