# KOCOBrain: Kuramoto-Guided Graph Network for Uncovering Structure-Function Coupling in Adolescent Prenatal Drug Exposure

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11018 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.11018/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 10 of its 26 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Graph Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10903/) (2017)
- [Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.06538/) (2017)
- [Supervised Contrastive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.11362/) (2020)
- [A Generalization of Transformer Networks to Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.09699/) (2020)
- [Joint Embedding of Structural and Functional Brain Networks with Graph Neural Networks for Mental Illness Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.03220/) (2021)
- [Joint Graph Convolution for Analyzing Brain Structural and Functional Connectome](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.07363/) (2022)
- [Physics-Guided Multi-View Graph Neural Network for Schizophrenia Classification via Structural-Functional Coupling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.15135/) (2025)
- [Unified Cross-Modal Attention-Mixer Based Structural-Functional Connectomics Fusion for Neuropsychiatric Disorder Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.15139/) (2025)
- [NeuroKoop: Neural Koopman Fusion of Structural-Functional Connectomes for Identifying Prenatal Drug Exposure in Adolescents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.16414/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [NeuroBRIDGE: Behavior-Conditioned Koopman Dynamics with Riemannian Alignment for Early Substance Use Initiation Prediction from Longitudinal Functional Connectome](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.29960/) (2026)
- [Learning Structural-Functional Brain Representations through Multi-Scale Adaptive Graph Attention for Cognitive Insight](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.29967/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Exposure to psychoactive substances during pregnancy, such as cannabis, can disrupt neurodevelopment and alter large-scale brain networks, yet identifying their neural signatures remains challenging. We introduced KOCOBrain: KuramotO COupled Brain Graph Network; a unified graph neural network framework that integrates structural and functional connectomes via Kuramoto-based phase dynamics and cognition-aware attention. The Kuramoto layer models neural synchronization over anatomical connections, generating phase-informed embeddings that capture structure-function coupling, while cognitive scores modulate information routing in a subject-specific manner followed by a joint objective enhancing robustness under class imbalance scenario. Applied to the ABCD cohort, KOCOBrain improved prenatal drug exposure prediction over relevant baselines and revealed interpretable structure-function patterns that reflect disrupted brain network coordination associated with early exposure.